There are many types of neck masses, including benign tumors, malignant tumors, congenital cysts, and inflammatory swellings. Common benign tumors include tumors of the vascular system, including Aneurysm of carotid artery, Carotid body tumor, Rterio-venous fistula, Hemangioma, etc., which are more difficult to manage. Thyroid adenoma, salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor), neurogenic tumor, lipoma, fibroma, etc., have clear borders and generally have good prognosis for surgical excision. However, mixed tumors have the possibility of malignant change, so they should be completely removed during surgery together with the surrounding envelope and part of the glandular tissue to reduce recurrence and malignant change. Congenital cysts are not uncommon in the neck, the more common ones are Thyroglossal cyst and fistula, Branchial cyst and fistula, cystic hydroma of the neck, etc., which need to be removed surgically when obvious symptoms appear. Lymphadenitis is the most common inflammatory disease of the neck and can be secondary to pharyngitis, tonsillitis, oral ulcers, facial skin infections, etc. Typical manifestations are local redness, swelling, heat and pain. Inflammatory manifestations such as local swelling and pain can also occur in congenital lesions, adenomas and other concomitant infections. In addition, some specific infections, such as lymphatic tuberculosis, should also be taken seriously. Cervical cellulitis is an acute diffuse purulent infection occurring in the loose connective tissue of the neck, which has serious clinical symptoms and requires timely and effective anti-infective treatment or incision and drainage. Malignant tumors of the neck are more common and deserve our attention. Their clinical manifestations are painless progressive enlarged masses with hard texture and unclear borders, among which metastatic (lymph node) tumors are more common. The most common malignant tumors originating from the neck are malignant lymphoma and neurogenic tumors, except for larynx and thyroid. Lymph node metastases in the neck can originate from malignant tumors in the head and neck or the chest (lung) and abdomen (upper gastrointestinal tract), while tumors originating from the head and neck account for most of them, accounting for more than 70%. For example, laryngeal cancer, thyroid cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, tongue cancer, salivary gland malignant tumor, etc. For inflammatory or congenital tumors, most of the diagnosis can be confirmed by careful history and physical examination, but for those who suspect metastatic tumors, further examination should be done to determine the location of the primary focus. Based on the drainage pattern of cervical lymph nodes, we can speculate the location of the primary focus, and then use the necessary tests to confirm the diagnosis at an early stage. Commonly used tests include electronic laryngoscopy, sinusoscopy, MRI, CT, thyroid or bone isotope scan, etc. Some specific serological tests are also useful. For those who have difficulty in detecting the primary focus by conventional means, the use of positron emission tomography (PET-CT) is more meaningful, but it is expensive and does not completely confirm the qualitative diagnosis, and should not be used as a routine in clinical practice. For those who have high suspicion of malignant metastatic lymph nodes and the above “non-invasive” methods cannot confirm the primary foci, lymph node biopsy can be used, but it cannot be the first choice or the main diagnostic tool, which should be noted. In order to facilitate clinical diagnosis and treatment, the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation published the method of cervical lymph node division in 1991, which divided the cervical lymph nodes into Level Ⅰ -Level Ⅵ six zones. It has been widely accepted by physicians in various countries. Depending on the extent of lymph node metastasis, different resection methods can be used, which is called each type of cervical lymph node dissection. Lymph node dissection is usually performed simultaneously with resection of the primary site, which is known as combined radical treatment, and is currently the main means of managing substantial malignant tumors of the neck with cervical lymph node metastases.