When female patients visit hospitals for infertility or gynecological diseases, they are usually given gynecological examinations. When it comes to gynecological examination, the first reaction of many women is “embarrassment”, “embarrassment” and “discomfort”. Because of this, gynecological exams are omitted from annual medical checkups by many people who feel good about their health. Gynecological examination is an important part of the physical examination of female patients, and most patients are more cooperative and willing to undergo this examination, but some patients have a fear of gynecological examination and often refuse to undergo the examination, and some patients think that it is enough to do ultrasound and do not need to undergo this examination, and even more and more doctors are now only taking vaginal and cervical discharge specimens for patients during gynecological examination, but not doing gynecological duplex examination. The gynecological double examination is not performed. So, what valuable clinical information can an experienced infertility or gynecologist obtain from a patient through gynecological examination and gynecological duplex examination? Is it meaningful for the diagnosis of the patient’s disease? Why is it necessary for women to undergo gynecological examination for reproductive system diseases? Is it possible not to have a gynecological examination? What is a gynecological examination? A complete gynecologic examination includes vulvovaginal examination, vaginal speculum examination and duplex examination, which covers the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, adnexa and pelvic connective tissue. The vulvar examination is to observe the development of vulva, the distribution and thickness of pubic hair, the smoothness of vulvar skin, the presence of ulcers, dermatitis, redundancy, skin color, and the presence of vaginal wall bulge. Vaginal speculum examination is to open the vagina with an endoscope to expose the cervix to observe the color of the vaginal mucosa, vaginal folds, vaginal discharge, the presence of redundant vaginal organisms, the size and color of the cervix, the shape of the external opening, the presence of erosion, glandular cysts, polyps, tumors or contact bleeding, and to extract a specimen of vaginal or cervical discharge at this time. Duplex examination is the most important item in the pelvic examination. The examiner needs to wear sterile gloves, dip the index and middle fingers of the right or left hand in lubricant, and insert gently along the back wall of the vagina, while the other hand is on the abdomen to cooperate with the examination. This is commonly referred to as “stomach compression” by Ruijun Zheng. This procedure allows the doctor to know the patient’s vaginal patency and depth, the size and hardness of the cervix, the presence of contact bleeding, the presence of cervical pain and painful nodules in the posterior vault of the cervix. Through the coordination of the internal and external fingers, the position, size, shape, firmness and mobility of the uterus, and the presence of pressure pain can be palpated and understood. The duplex examination can help doctors determine whether there is pelvic inflammation, endometriosis, pelvic genital tumors, pelvic adhesions and other diseases, which shows the importance of the duplex examination. The symptoms of hidden pelvic inflammatory disease are not obvious and can only be detected by double diagnosis. Many pelvic inflammatory diseases do not have obvious symptoms or minor symptoms that are not taken seriously by patients and are often mistaken for menstrual cramps and back pain. These patients usually do not have any special discomfort, so they neglect to have a gynecological duplex examination, and are only found to be suffering from pelvic inflammatory disease when they have a duplex examination for other reasons, such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or fetal abortion. The minimum diagnostic criteria for pelvic inflammatory disease are: uterine pressure or adnexal pressure or cervical pain, one of which is sufficient to diagnose pelvic inflammatory disease, and empirical antibiotic therapy can be started. The aim is to raise awareness of pelvic inflammatory disease, to treat it promptly, and to reduce the occurrence of pelvic inflammatory disease sequelae. The three major sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease are infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and pelvic pain syndrome. It can be seen that only the gynecological duplex examination can check whether there is pressure or lifting pain in the pelvic genitalia, so only the duplex examination can detect occult pelvic inflammatory disease and some endometriosis. Therefore, the first step for married women to see reproductive system diseases, especially for infertility patients, is to have a gynecological duplex examination. How often is it better to have a gynecological examination? Women who are sexually active should ensure that they have a gynecological examination at least once a year, preferably once every six months. Especially for married women who are planning to have children, a gynecological double checkup can help to detect early diseases that may cause infertility.