Monkeypox is a newly discovered infectious disease that is self-limiting and can gradually resolve in 14-21 days because of its relatively low transmission and the mildness of symptoms in most patients. Most patients with mild disease can gradually heal on their own without special treatment. There are no specific anti monkeypox virus drugs, but in severe cases, antiviral drugs and cowpox immunoglobulin can also be used for treatment. Meanwhile, if the patient has severe symptoms such as fever, severe headache, muscle aches, rash and shortness of breath, symptomatic treatment is required. Monkeypox is somewhat similar to smallpox, and people over 40 years old in China are immune to monkeypox because they have basically been vaccinated against smallpox. However, if the disease tends to expand, it can also be prevented by re-vaccination against smallpox. In daily life, it is important to avoid activities in places with serious monkeypox epidemics such as Africa and America as much as possible, and to pay attention to avoid contact with the blood, body fluids, skin or wound mucosa of infected people and animals. Wearing a mask when going out and keeping a certain distance from others can help reduce the possibility of monkeypox transmission through the respiratory tract. In addition, sexual intercourse and maternal placenta can also lead to the transmission of monkeypox, so it is important to avoid unprotected sex and the presence of multiple sexual partners.