Monkeypox is a human-animal infectious disease caused by monkeypox virus infection, which mainly manifests as high fever, blisters and pustules. It requires prompt medical attention for laboratory tests, as well as physical examination to detect the presence of monkeypox virus in the body, and active treatment. A, laboratory tests: doctors usually take the blisters, pustules on the patient’s body local skin as a sample, polymerase chain reaction test (PCR), virus isolation culture and other laboratory tests. 1, PCR: belongs to the first choice of laboratory tests, the specimen of trace virus expansion to detectable range, to detect the patient’s body contains monkeypox virus, in order to diagnose monkeypox virus infection; 2, virus isolation culture. Virus isolation and identification through tissue cells is the gold standard for pathogenic diagnosis of viral diseases. If the monkeypox virus is positive and other pathogens are examined as negative, other diseases can be excluded and monkeypox virus infection can be confirmed. Second, physical examination: the patient is seen to have generalized blisters, pustules and other changes, touching multiple lymph nodes enlarged, and the body temperature is significantly elevated, up to 39℃ or more. Through the above examination, combined with the patient’s travel history, the population and wildlife contact, the diagnosis of monkeypox disease can be confirmed. After the diagnosis is confirmed, the patient should be actively isolated and treated to avoid infecting others and causing adverse effects.