Urinary retention is a state in which urine is stored in the bladder and cannot be excreted. It is one of the most common emergencies in urology, with an urgent onset, in which the patient presents with lower abdominal distension and obvious urge to urinate, but cannot excrete urine, requiring urgent diagnosis and timely treatment. The main principle of its treatment is to relieve the cause of the disease and restore urination. There are many causes of urinary retention, the common ones are obstruction of the lower urinary tract, such as urethral stones, prostate enlargement, prostate cancer, urethral rupture; or it is caused by relaxation of bladder smooth muscle due to anesthesia after surgery and the use of certain drugs that relax smooth muscle such as scopolamine. The first step in treatment is to find the main cause of urinary retention and restore urination by removing the cause. If the cause cannot be removed temporarily, a catheter should be placed to drain the urine out of the body. If it is difficult to place a catheter, such as in severe prostate enlargement or prostate cancer, a suprapubic cystostomy can be done to drain the urine. If the urinary retention is due to anesthesia or medication, you can first apply heat to the lower abdomen to promote urination. In summary, the treatment of urinary retention depends on the cause of urinary retention and the severity of urinary retention.