The degree of damage varies depending on the size, location and duration of the disease. The main damage is caused by local damage to the urinary tract, obstruction caused by stones and complications of urinary tract infection. Stones, obstruction and infection are mutually beneficial, forming a vicious circle, i.e. stones cause obstruction, obstruction causes infection, and infection promotes stones. 1, local injury: small stones can move freely in the urinary tract, easily injuring the mucosa of the urinary tract and causing bleeding, and often cause more obvious pain. Large fixed or antler-shaped urinary stones, although the pain is not serious, but can be long-term pressure on the mucosa of the urinary tract, so that epithelial peeling, tissue ulceration, so that the stone and the ureteral wall to form adhesions, stimulating the formation of polyps in the ureteral wall, and in serious cases may also cause cancer. Urinary stones cause symptoms such as pain in the lower back and abdomen and affect normal life, and often can recur. 2, urinary tract obstruction: the urinary system is mainly a piped organ, once the stone is formed, it will lead to urinary tract obstruction above the stone stay site, the ureter and renal pelvis above the obstruction will be dilated and waterlogged, kidney waterlogging can be divided into mild, moderate and severe hydronephrosis. In hydronephrosis, the kidney parenchyma is squeezed, which affects the kidney function. If the hydronephrosis is not lifted for a long time, it can cause the loss of function of the whole kidney in serious cases. If the urinary tract is severely obstructed bilaterally, it may lead to uremia. 3, urinary tract infection: urinary tract obstruction complicating bacterial infection, hydronephrosis secondary infection can form renal pus, serious urinary tract infection may also cause sepsis, threatening human life. In addition, urinary tract infections promote the formation of stones, so that the size of the original stones increases rapidly. Therefore, once urinary stones are found, they should be taken seriously enough and treated actively.