Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is generally considered a major surgery and is mostly seen in the treatment of malignant tumors, which carry certain risks. Lymph node dissection is named according to the location of the tumor, if the tumor occurs in the pelvis, it is called pelvic lymph node dissection, and if it occurs in the retroperitoneum, it is called retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Usually, patients are considered for lymph node dissection only when they have lymph node metastasis on examination after removal of the tumor from the primary site. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is often performed in conjunction with abdominal tumor resection, making the procedure a major surgery. This surgery is one of the treatment aspects of malignant tumors and needs to be performed under general anesthesia, which is prone to surgical side injuries, such as lymphatic fistula, celiac chest, etc. Moreover, radiotherapy may be needed after the surgery, which is a larger surgery category. Patients should be fully aware of the risks of this type of surgery and the postoperative risks, and go to a regular hospital to receive professional doctor’s surgical treatment.