Impaired gas exchange is related to respiratory spasm, reduced respiratory area, gas exchange dysfunction and other factors, which can be cared for by means of condition observation, keeping the respiratory tract open, oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation and so on. 1. Condition observation: during the nursing process, we should pay attention to the observation of the patient’s respiratory condition, assess the severity of respiratory distress in time, and also observe with the help of blood oxygen saturation monitoring. 2. Keep the airway open: patients with a lot of sputum should be instructed to cough up sputum effectively, and sometimes the sputum can be promoted by knocking the back, positional drainage, etc. Bronchodilators, such as montelukast sodium, terbutaline, etc., can also be used in accordance with the doctor’s instructions. 3. Oxygen therapy: according to the patient’s respiratory pattern, condition, etc., choose the appropriate oxygen concentration and oxygen therapy time, such as type II expiratory failure patients should be low-flow, low concentration, continuous oxygen. 4. Mechanical ventilation: patients with severe respiratory distress and inability to breathe on their own can be extubated and ventilated under the guidance of a physician. In addition, attention should be paid to the monitoring of vital signs (such as respiratory heart rate, etc.), underlying diseases need to be actively treated, to ensure that the diet regular, do not eat spicy stimulating food and food that can easily cause allergies. Patients are advised to take care of themselves under the guidance of healthcare professionals.