Primary ovarian insufficiency in women due to the absence of an X chromosome is known as Turner syndrome, a common sex chromosome abnormality. The mechanism by which Turner syndrome occurs is nondisjunction at the first meiotic division of the oocyte, resulting in the absence of the X chromosome; nondisjunction at the division of the fertilized egg, resulting in the appearance of a chimeric phenotype; and an abnormal mitotic division, resulting in the appearance of an isobaric chromosome phenotype. Clinical manifestations include short stature, primary amenorrhea, neck webbing, and elbow ectropion. Clinical manifestations can vary somewhat due to the presence of other chromosomal abnormalities. Some patients have low birth weight and may present with small jaws, ptosis, low posterior hairline, and short neck. Some patients have striated gonads, skeletal abnormalities, increased epidermal nevi, and sometimes scattered thyroiditis, enlarged lymph nodes and thyroid gland, aortic constriction, pulmonary artery stenosis and other abnormalities. Its prevention methods mainly include prevention of viral and other infections by both parents during the childbearing period, less use or avoidance of abuse of chemicals and antibiotic drugs, and avoidance of high-dose radiation exposure may have a preventive effect. Pregnant women should pay attention to the prenatal examination during pregnancy, actively listen to the advice of professional doctors to do a comprehensive nursing care, pay attention to more rest, at the same time, should relax, avoid tension, anxiety, any discomfort should be timely to the hospital, by the doctor to clarify the diagnosis, and cooperate with the doctor to deal with the symptoms.