With the continuous improvement of people’s living standard, minimally invasive thoracic surgery has become possible with the birth of thoracoscope and corresponding supporting surgical instruments, such as endoscopic sutured incisors, ultrasonic knife, and continuous hair titanium clamps. In recent years, with the continuous development of medical level, thoracoscopic surgery has been gradually favored by most patients with chest diseases for its many advantages such as less trauma, less pain, faster recovery and aesthetics. The treatment of lung malignant tumor is a multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment combining surgery with internal medicine. Conventional open resection of lung cancer is highly traumatic in surgery and slow in postoperative recovery, thus delaying postoperative chemotherapy and other treatments, which theoretically gives the tumor a chance to breathe and is not conducive to the treatment of tumor. Radical resection of lung cancer under full thoracoscopy is an emerging technology that has just emerged and gradually matured in recent years, which greatly reduces patients’ pain, shortens postoperative recovery time, and allows patients to undergo chemotherapy and other comprehensive treatments earlier after surgery, thus facilitating comprehensive treatment of tumors. Thoracoscopy is a kind of minimally invasive treatment, which only requires 3-4 holes of 2-4 cm in the patient’s chest, under the monitoring and guidance of imaging equipment, so that special surgical instruments can accurately reach the tumor through the chest wall and complete the removal of tumor and systematic lymph node dissection through the monitor. This method neither damages muscles nor needs to remove ribs. Compared with traditional open-chest surgery, it has the advantages of less trauma, less pain, faster recovery, less complications and beautiful incisions, etc. Patients can generally get out of bed in 3 days after surgery and can be discharged in about 1 week. This feature of thoracoscopy provides early and middle stage lung cancer patients with another effective treatment route other than open chest, especially for lung cancer patients with poor lung function and weakness that cannot tolerate conventional open chest surgery, and its efficacy is comparable to that of open chest surgery.