1.What is heart valve disease? The human heart has four valves called the mitral, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonary valves. They grow between the atria and the ventricles, and between the ventricles and the aorta, and act as one-way valves to help blood flow move in one direction. Once these valves become stenotic and/or incomplete, they can impede normal blood flow and cause damage to normal heart function, leading to heart failure and changes in the function of multiple organs of the body. 2.What are the causes of heart valve disease? Rheumatic fever, mucus degeneration, degenerative changes, congenital malformations, ischemic necrosis, infection and trauma can cause a single valve lesion or multiple valve lesions. The type of valve lesion is usually stenosis or incomplete closure. 3.What are the manifestations of patients with dirty valve disease? (1) Fatigue, chest tightness, and shortness of breath after activity. (2) Difficulty breathing at night and inability to rest flat. (3) Edema of both lower extremities, abdominal fullness and discomfort. (4) Dizziness, precordial discomfort or angina pectoris. (5) Recurrent respiratory tract infection, hemoptysis. (6) Petechiae or petechiae on the skin and unexplained fever. 4.How is heart valve disease detected? If one of the above-mentioned manifestations occurs, you should go to a hospital to receive medical attention from a specialist. The diagnosis can be made clearly through chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, etc. 5.Treatment of heart valve disease? Medication can only improve the symptoms caused by valve disease for a short period of time in preparation for surgery, but cannot solve the underlying problem. Surgical treatment methods Valve repair surgery is performed to repair the diseased valve and restore its original function. Prosthetic valve replacement Surgical removal and replacement of prosthetic valves is one of the most effective treatments for valve disease when the valve is severely diseased and cannot be repaired. Selection of prosthetic valve After careful diagnosis, the surgeon will consider various factors and communicate with the patient and his or her family in order to select the correct surgical procedure and type of valve to provide the most reasonable treatment for the patient.