The salient feature of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome is that they are not fat in appearance, with a body mass index of even less than 23, but have a thick waist circumference and an excessive waist-to-hip ratio. Polycystic ovary syndrome, a common endocrine metabolic disease in women of reproductive age, is responsible for many of the infertility patients in the fertility center clinics. The most common perception of polycystic ovarian syndrome is that it causes menstrual problems, is prone to acne and can affect pregnancy, the chief physician reminded, but in fact, the danger of polycystic ovarian syndrome goes far beyond infertility, and its impact on women’s health is lifelong. The most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in adolescent and childbearing women is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which has a large group of sufferers in China. According to the data, the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese Han women is 56.1%, but only 9.61% of patients are aware that they may have endocrine or gynecological diseases and come to the clinic. The clinical manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome are varied, with typical manifestations being obesity, hirsutism, skin acne, menstrual disorders, infertility and polycystic ovarian changes. At different times in a woman’s life, polycystic ovary syndrome can lead to a series of health risks: masculine manifestations Patients may have acne on the face and back, and in severe cases, the entire face may be covered with acne. Acne, like hirsutism and seborrhea, is a clinical manifestation of excess androgens in the body. Many girls complain that they don’t eat much, but their weight keeps increasing year after year, and they have unknowingly grown into “fat girls”. According to doctors, the prominent feature of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome is that they are not fat in appearance, their body mass index is even less than 23, but their waist circumference is thick and their waist-to-hip ratio is excessive. This intermediate type of obesity is also called “male obesity”, because the patient’s body is too androgenic, resulting in the selective accumulation of fat in the waist and abdomen. As polycystic ovary syndrome is characterized by metabolic diseases, it is likely to be combined with diabetes and other medical diseases. Patients usually have abdominal obesity, mainly manifested by a large waist circumference of more than 80 cm, which is actually closely related to insulin resistance, and patients may also have hypertension, fatty liver, coronary heart disease and other diseases. Therefore, when abnormal insulin secretion and abnormal lipids are detected, they should be treated actively to avoid complications such as diabetes, fatty liver and hypertension and coronary heart disease. Important causes of infertility Infertility is an important reason for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome at this stage of reproductive age to visit the gynecology department, including infertility and recurrent miscarriage. Because ovulation is impaired in polycystic ovary syndrome, the chances of pregnancy are reduced compared to normal women, and once pregnant, they are prone to spontaneous miscarriage due to the characteristic high androgens, high gonadotropins, high insulin levels and abnormal endometrial tolerance. Even after pregnancy, various complications can occur during pregnancy, such as gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, and excess amniotic fluid, and the adverse intrauterine environment of maternal hyperglycemia, high insulin, and high androgens also has a significant impact on the development of adult diseases in newborns after birth. Increase the prevalence of gynecological tumors such as endometrial cancer. It is worth mentioning that the impact of polycystic ovary syndrome on women’s health does not end with the completion of female fertility or menopause; on the contrary, the risk of associated complications is increasing year by year. In addition to the aforementioned medical complications, some female cancers are also at risk, such as breast cancer and endometrial cancer; these are related to the hormonal imbalance of polycystic ovary syndrome. Due to sparse ovulation, the patient’s endometrium is chronically stimulated by a single estrogen, making her a high-risk group for endometrial hyperplasia, and her risk of endometrial cancer is four times higher than the general population. “In clinical practice, we found that the incidence of endometrial tumors has tended to be younger, rather than exclusive to older women anymore, and some patients already have endometrial precancerous lesions in their 30s or even develop endometrial cancer.” In the clinic, there have been dozens of such patients, who did not know they had polycystic ovary syndrome before and did not have reasonable intervention and treatment, until they had prolonged irregular vaginal bleeding and came to the hospital for examination, only to find the lesions, some of them had not had children yet, and it became very tricky for physicians to deal with them. Therefore, it is clinically necessary to regularly screen women with polycystic ovary syndrome for endometrial cancer, and even after menopause, they still need regular follow-up and monitoring. What are the signs of polycystic ovary syndrome? Women should not take polycystic ovary syndrome lightly, so when the symptoms appear, they should be highly alert to polycystic ovary syndrome? To summarize, the main points are as follows: 1. Loss of normal regularity of menstruation. Patients often have a prolonged menstrual cycle for several months, which is commonly known as “seasonal menstruation” or even amenorrhea, and some patients have long periods, which last for more than 10-20 days. If parents find that their daughters still have scanty periods or even amenorrhea two or three years after menarche, and hairy upper lip, lower abdomen, inner thighs, etc., they should be highly suspicious of polycystic ovary syndrome “alarms” and should go to the hospital for blood tests to see if the androgen content, insulin, blood sugar and other indicators are over the limit. Generally speaking, if a girl is still having scanty periods or amenorrhea two or three years after menarche, the likelihood of suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome is usually more than fifty percent, so parents are advised to take their children to the hospital as soon as possible. 2. The “necklace sign” is visible on ultrasound. Polycystic ovaries refers to the morphological changes of the ovaries, which are characterized by an increase in ovarian volume and a number of immature follicles wrapped around the ovaries in a bead-like pattern during ultrasound examination, commonly known as the “necklace sign”, which is one of the unique clinical manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome. 3. Infertility and recurrent miscarriage. Many women in the workplace are troubled by infertility or repeated miscarriages, and only when they come to the hospital for examination do they find out that they have polycystic ovary syndrome. Because of the ovulation disorder, the chance of pregnancy is reduced compared to normal women. Once pregnant, they are prone to spontaneous abortion due to the unique high androgen, high gonadotropin, high insulin levels and abnormal endometrial tolerance.