Foreign body removal via gastroscopy

  One of the specialties of the gastrointestinal endoscopist is the removal of foreign bodies from the esophagus and stomach. We insert the gastroscope through the esophagus and stomach, insert foreign body forceps through the biopsy orifice of the gastroscope deep into the esophagus and stomach lumen, clamp the foreign body, and drag it out of the body along with the gastroscope. This is definitely a technical task, and the things taken out are varied. Over the years, I have removed fish spines, chicken bones, earrings, folding travel scissors, coins, bottle caps, wire, and more. The vast majority of foreign body retrieval procedures are relatively smooth. Sometimes there are minor scratches or bleeding in the esophagus or stomach wall while dragging out the foreign body, and some anti-inflammatory medications are given to stop the bleeding. However, some doctors have encountered cases where the patient died of hemorrhage after the foreign body was removed. So for gastroenterologists, the task of removing foreign bodies from the esophagus while on duty is also a very testing thing.  Nowadays, there are two types of people who tend to come to the hospital for foreign body removal.  One group is the elderly, who accidentally swallowed a fish spike or bone while eating, and these things are often stuck in the middle part of the esophagus, which is often referred to as the second stricture of the esophagus. In front of that place is the bifurcation of the trachea, and behind it is the thoracic aorta and vena cava. Just because these important organs cross the esophagus, it leads to the narrowing of that part of the esophagus, and the irregular sharp angles of fish spikes and bones are embedded in the wall of the esophagus, and it is sometimes difficult to tell whether or not they have caused perforation of the esophagus and damage to the surrounding organs. The most dangerous thing is that the foreign body pierces the wall of a large blood vessel and once the foreign body is extracted with the gastroscope, hemorrhage ensues and the patient goes into hemorrhagic shock. At that time, even emergency open-heart surgery is too late. Therefore, once the foreign body is found to be embedded in these dangerous areas, we repeatedly explain the danger of foreign body removal to the patient’s family before removing the foreign body, and even set up a “life and death agreement” – the foreign body should be removed, but if any danger occurs in the process of removal If there is any danger in the process of removal, it has nothing to do with the doctor (there is no problem with the skill of the operating doctor), only the foreign body stuck in the wrong place. If this is not acceptable, then we do not dare to act rashly, so please look for further advice.  Recently, we encountered two patients with foreign bodies embedded in the esophagus, who were admitted to the ward in critical condition.  One was a 78-year-old man who felt that he had accidentally swallowed a piece of bone before eating in February, and then felt pain under his chest all the time, but did not go to the hospital because the symptoms were not obvious. 5 days ago, he felt that the obstruction to eating had worsened and underwent gastroscopy at the local hospital, and found that an irregular piece of bone was stuck tightly in the middle part of the esophagus, which was difficult to remove by gastroscopy. Barium meal showed significant narrowing of the middle esophagus below the foreign body, and esophageal cancer was suspected. However, because of severe emphysema, the surgery department of the local hospital considered it inappropriate to perform open-heart surgery, and the endoscopy center was unable to remove the foreign body, so he was referred to our department. Since the exact time of foreign body entrapment was unknown, it could not be excluded that it had caused severe esophageal ulceration or penetration, and the risk of foreign body removal was great. The patient’s family could not accept these possible risks explained to them by the doctor and hesitated to agree to endoscopic treatment. I was anxious during those two days and repeatedly explained to the patient’s family: there is a risk of taking it, and there is also a risk of not taking it, and by delaying the decision, you are choosing the latter risk. I took two family members to see another patient in the care unit, a patient who had a fish spike stuck a few days before and had not been removed in the hospital, followed by a right hemopneumothorax and a left pus thorax, and was now dying and in critical condition. The patient’s family made an immediate and painful decision: take it! Expressing their understanding of all the risks explained to them by the doctor, with good intentions of a smooth removal, but at the same time prepared for the worst. Under these circumstances, the endoscopy unit finally agreed to perform endoscopic treatment and successfully removed a flattened bone of about 2×3 cm irregular and sharp in size. A biopsy was also taken at the esophageal stricture after the foreign body was removed, which finally confirmed the patient’s diagnosis of esophageal cancer and provided a pathological basis for the patient’s next step of treatment.  There is another kind of foreign body that was swallowed by the patient himself. There is the young girl who swallowed an earring after a conflict with her boyfriend; more often it is still a suspect or drug addict brought to the hospital by the police. For some reason, they may think that if they swallow something into their stomach, then they will not be detained or sentenced? I don’t really understand, but I did encounter several cases. These things are instead easier to take. Swallowing scissors, he would fold the scissors before swallowing; swallowing wire, he also folded the wire several times before swallowing. He can swallow it, then I can certainly get out. These self-made people not only make themselves suffer for nothing, but also waste all of our time. Last Friday night three police officers and two of our doctors and a nurse spent a memorable weekend with a suspect who swallowed a wire. Our police comrade even teased us: Although we were all on duty at the same time, your intake was much higher than ours!  I don’t know how to answer that. I want to say: I read more than you ah; I study when the grades are certainly better than you ah; I do not receive red packets do not take kickbacks, I earn hard money ah. But I really still can’t say a word, I also feel like sticking in my throat!