Lung cancer is currently the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality rate, and its treatment has become the focus of attention. Traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, due to their lack of specificity, often bring more toxic side effects to patients while achieving curative effects. Therefore, selecting the specific molecular target of lung cancer cells and applying drugs targeting that target for treatment can achieve significant efficacy while avoiding harm to normal cells. This highly effective and low side effect treatment mode is increasingly recognized by oncology academia and patients. In recent years, with the continuous in-depth research on the molecular biological behavior of lung cancer, several specific targets have been identified for treatment, and several targeted therapeutic drugs have been approved by FDA for clinical application or are under clinical trial studies, and some major advances in this field are briefly described below: cell receptors, signaling and anti-angiogenesis, among which Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is currently the most important target, and there are many drugs that target this target and have achieved good efficacy in clinical trials or clinical applications. There are two main types of molecular targeting drugs for lung cancer, small molecule compounds and monoclonal antibodies, and the commonly used small molecule compounds include Iressa (ZD1839, Gefitinib) and OSI774, etc.; the commonly used monoclonal antibodies include Herceptin (Trastuzumab, Herceptin), IMC-C225 (cetuximab , Erbitux) and Bevacizumab (Avastin), etc. Iressa (ZD1839, Gefitinib) Iressa (ZD1839, Gefitinib) is an oral epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) antagonist, a small molecule compound, approved by the FDA in May 2003 for use as a single agent in advanced non-small-onset patients who have failed platinum-containing or tesutilized regimens. EGFR expression is related to the tyrosine kinase activity of tumor cells, and EGFR overexpressed tumor cells receive cell growth signals, activate intracellular expression of certain genes, accelerate cell differentiation, and release more angiogenic and pro-metastatic factors. Inhibition of EGFR overexpression can inhibit the growth of tumor cells. Iressa is currently used mainly for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and has also been shown to be effective in breast cancer, prostate cancer and head and neck tumors. Results from a phase II clinical trial using single agent Iressa in 142 advanced NSCLC patients who had failed chemotherapy with platinum-containing or Tasuti regimens showed that the efficacy rate was (CR+PR ) 14% (9/66) in the 250 mg/day dose group and (CR+PR ) 8% (6/76) in the 500 mg/day dose group, with better efficacy in women and nonsmokers. The use of ZD1839 in combination with chemotherapy has no benefit to chemotherapy, therefore, the combination of chemotherapy and ZD1839 is not advocated; other studies have reported that advanced NSCLC with chemotherapy failure can achieve a disease control rate of 53% (CR+PR+SD) with monotherapy; the use of ZD1839 for NSCLC can also improve the quality of life of patients; ZD1839 in combination with radiotherapy for NSCLC The main toxic side effects of Iressa are gastrointestinal reactions and acne-like rash, which are easily tolerated by patients. 2. OSI-774 (Tarceva, erlotinib, R 1415, CP 358774, NSC 718781) OSI-774 (Tarceva, erlotinib, R 1415, CP 358774, NSC 718781) is also an epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK ) antagonist, a small molecule compound, was approved by the FDA in September 2002 as a second- or third-line treatment option for advanced NSCLC that has failed to respond to standard regimens. A phase II clinical trial of OSI-774 monotherapy for relapsed advanced NSCLC showed a 12.3% efficacy rate and a 38.6% stability rate, while another phase II clinical trial of OSI-774 monotherapy for fine bronchoalveolar carcinoma showed a 26% efficacy rate, which was easily tolerated by patients. A number of combination chemotherapy studies are also underway, with the main combinations being Tysol D, Kinzel + cisplatin, and carboplatin + Tysol. Some clinical trial studies have preliminary results: L. Forero et al. combined OSI-774, tyso and carboplatin in 9 patients with malignancies, and gave tyso and carboplatin 3 days before the first cycle of OSI-774 treatment, 1 non-small cell lung patient approached CR, 1 non-small cell lung cancer person and 1 penile cancer patient reached MR, and the disease was stable for more than 4 months, OSI- 774 did not significantly increase the toxic side effects of chemotherapy. Other small molecule targeted therapeutics include: CI-1033, an irreversible erb tyrosine kinase inhibitor; PKI166, GW572016 and EKB 569, bifunctional tyrosine kinase inhibitors that inhibit both EGFR and Her-2; SCH66336, a protein kinase C inhibitor LY317615, a protein kinase Cb inhibitor; TNP-470, a vascular endothelial inhibitor; SU6668, SU11248, PTK787/ZK222584 and ZD6474, all vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors; SCH66336 (lonafarnib) and R115777, both farnesol protein These small molecule compounds are being studied in clinical trials for the treatment of lung cancer, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).