What are the problems with interventional treatment of bifurcation lesions

True bifurcation lesions were defined as lesions with greater than 50% stenosis involving both major vessels and their expenditure openings, and bifurcation lesions accounted for 10%-15% of interventions. P=NS); the incidence of MACE events was comparable in both groups; however, the perioperative myocardial infarction rate was higher in the dual-stenting group than in the single-stenting group. This finding was similar to the bare stent era. Thus, the current consensus on bifurcation lesions is that the simpler the strategy, the better, and unconditional implantation of dual stents for bifurcation lesions is not recommended. For true bifurcation lesions with thick bifurcation vessel diameter, especially when the branch opening is severely stenosed and the diameter of the opening is greater than 2.5 mm and the blood supply is extensive, such as the bifurcation lesion located at the end of the left main stem with extensive branch supply, the angle between the main branch and the branch is generally about 90°, and the local plaque load is heavy. It is common for the stenosis or even occlusion of another vessel due to the obvious “seesaw” effect caused by the axial redistribution of plaque in one vessel. For this bifurcation lesion, direct double DES placement is still the treatment of choice for most specialists. The use of double stenting for bifurcation lesions requires consideration of the following issues: (1) whether plaque displacement can affect branch flow; (2) structural deformation of the stent; incomplete stent coverage of the l-sided branch opening, with or without “geographic loss”; (3) overlapping stents in the branch vessel opening resulting in excessive metal loading, leading to thrombosis and restenosis; and (4) re-stenting of the guidewire. (4) Difficulty in passing the guidewire through the metal mesh of the stent again; (5) Selection of the type and diameter of the kissing balloon. 2, bifurcation lesion-specific stents PCI for bifurcation lesions urgently needs new strategies, techniques and devices to improve the efficacy of bifurcation lesion PCI, and bifurcation lesion-specific stents are an important development direction. There are three main types of stents dedicated to bifurcation lesions, namely, bifurcation stents with branch openings, spine stents, and side branch stents. Since the bifurcation lesions are located in different parts of the body and there are many variations in the length of the lesion and the angle between the main branch and the branch, it will be an important test whether the future dedicated stents can be applied to different lesion vessels. Most of the studies on the clinical application of bifurcation-specific stents come from the era of bare stents, and their results are not satisfactory, while the current drug-eluting bifurcation-specific stents have just started, and although the preliminary studies suggest that they have good application prospects, how effective it is clinically remains to be evaluated by clinical trials.