True positives and false positives are concepts (terms) commonly used in clinical practice. A true positive is a laboratory test or a diagnosis of a disease (e.g., hepatitis B) in which the result of a virus (e.g., hepatitis B) is actually detected as a true positive, and a patient who is actually infected with a virus (e.g., hepatitis B) is a true positive patient. False positivity is a misdiagnosis in which a laboratory test or a diagnosis of a disease (e.g., hepatitis B) confirms as positive a test of a patient who is not actually infected with hepatitis B. False positivity is a case of misdiagnosis. Therefore, the rate of false positives also means the rate of misdiagnosis, which can interfere with the clinical diagnosis. False positive results can cause psychological distress to the patient and also increase the negative healthcare resources for the patient. In case of suspicion of false positives, multiple examinations can be performed in the same or different specialized medical institutions to exclude the test operation and other factors affecting the experimental results to rule out misdiagnosis.