BPH is very common in clinical practice and according to the guidelines for prostate enlargement in recent years, the main systemic treatments are watchful waiting, oral medications, minimally invasive and surgical interventions. Watchful waiting Watchful waiting means not taking any medication. For patients with mild symptoms that do not affect their lives and have no complications, watchful waiting is an option due to the slow progression of the disease. During the wait-and-see period, it is important to make changes in lifestyle, monitor changes in symptoms, and have follow-up examinations once a year. If symptoms worsen, consult a doctor as soon as possible and consider other treatment options. Medication If you have more than moderate symptoms that affect your life, you may choose to take medication to improve your symptoms. 1, relaxation of the prostate and urethra of the drugs in this category is the professional name of the alpha-blocker, commonly used Gauthierine (Terazosin), Marsani, Tetra, Cordova, Hara and Dulcolax (Phenobarbital) and so on, are the public health care and medical reimbursement drugs. The advantage of these drugs is that they are fast-acting and usually provide moderate relief of urinary symptoms. The main adverse effects are nasal congestion, fatigue, panic, headache, dizziness and low blood pressure, which will be explained by the doctor before use. If you experience any significant side effects during the course of the medication, you should stop taking the medication and follow up with your doctor. This type of medication can be used regardless of the size of the prostate. At the beginning of the medication, the patient should be examined once a month, and then once a year thereafter. 2.Drugs to reduce the size of the prostate This kind of drug is specialized in the name of 5α-reductase inhibitors, representing the drugs such as POLYZE and LANGLE, which are also the public treatment and medical insurance reimbursement drugs. These drugs are suitable for patients with large prostate size. The medication should be reviewed once every six months at the beginning of the course, and then once a year thereafter. These drugs can slow down prostate enlargement, reduce the risk of urinary retention and surgery, and provide mild relief of urinary symptoms. They usually take more than 3 months to work. After taking the medication, some patients may experience adverse effects such as decreased libido, decreased erectile function and decreased semen volume. 3.Combined use of drugs at the same time to take the above two types of drugs (such as POLYZE + GOTELING, etc.). It has the advantages of both, and can relieve urinary symptoms more obviously, but has the side effects of both. 4, Chinese medicine and plant extracts of this type of drugs, such as Shenitong, urine retention and prostate, etc., its role is very different, the exact mechanism of action is not clear, can be taken under the guidance of the doctor. Currently, the public treatment and medical insurance reimbursement drugs are all proven to be effective and safe after long-term and extensive clinical observation, and generally need to be used for a long time according to the condition. However, there is no drug that can completely eliminate BPH. Minimally invasive treatment Minimally invasive treatment includes microwave, radiofrequency ablation, prostate stent and other methods. The treatment process is relatively simple. It is more suitable for elderly patients who are not effective in taking medication or those who are in poor physical condition and cannot tolerate surgery. The advantage of this treatment is that it is less damaging and can relieve symptoms to a certain extent; the disadvantage is that the efficacy is unstable and the recurrence rate is high. Surgery Surgery should be considered if the disease progresses during observation and waiting or drug treatment. 1, the effect of medication is not good or do not want to continue to take medication, but would like to relieve the symptoms through surgery; 2, recurrent urinary retention; 3, there has been renal impairment, bladder stones, recurrent urinary tract infections, recurrent hematuria, hernia and so on. Generally speaking, surgery is more effective than medication and can significantly relieve urinary symptoms. However, all surgeries have some pain and complications. Before deciding on surgery, you should listen to your doctor’s advice and fully analyze and weigh the pros and cons of various treatment methods. 1. Transurethral resection of the prostate (electrolysis): This is the standard method of BPH surgery. Generally requires half anesthesia, the doctor uses special instruments to remove the hyperplastic part of the prostate from the urethra, so there is no incision in the abdomen. Advantages: Significantly relieves the symptoms of prostate enlargement. The effect is quick and long-lasting. It is less painful than open surgery, has shorter hospitalization and catheterization time, faster recovery and lower recurrence rate. Disadvantages: the possibility of postoperative hemorrhage and postoperative urinary incontinence and other complications. 2, open prostatectomy: is the traditional prostate enlargement surgery, need to make an incision in the lower abdomen, cut the bladder or not cut the bladder, the hyperplasia of the prostate part of the removal. The advantage of this method is that it can significantly relieve prostate symptoms, but the disadvantage is that it is very damaging, painful and slow to recover after surgery. 3, other prostate surgery: including transurethral laser prostatectomy, laser prostate vaporization, prostate electric vaporization and other methods. Different methods have their own characteristics and applicable conditions, and the postoperative recovery and complications are also different. Whether it is suitable for you or not, you need to discuss with your doctor to decide. Whether it is electrocutaneous prostatectomy or prostatectomy, you will often experience a sense of relief after the surgery because the root cause of urinary symptoms is removed. However, since it takes time for the prostate wound to heal and the bladder lesions before the surgery do not recover immediately, frequent urination, urgency, pain, incontinence, and hematuria may still occur in the short term after the surgery, so you should follow your doctor’s instructions for regular follow-ups. Since prostate surgery mainly removes the hyperplasia part of the prostate gland and preserves the prostate peritoneum, the chance of prostate cancer occurring in the peritoneum of the prostate gland does not decrease after the surgery. Therefore, it is necessary to attend the annual physical examination after the surgery to rule out prostate cancer.