Lung cancer ranks first in China in terms of incidence and mortality rate of malignant tumors, among which 80-85% of patients are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the 5-year survival rate of NSCLC patients is about 15%, and about 70% of NSCLC patients are at advanced stage when diagnosed. Individualized molecular targeted therapy based on molecular targets has become a research hotspot for NSCLC, which is a milestone in the development of individualized therapy for NSCLC. 1. Epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR is a widely expressed transmembrane protein receptor encoded by the proto-oncogene c-erbB-1, which belongs to the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family. The positive rate of EGFR gene sensitive mutation in lung adenocarcinoma patients is about 50% in both Asian population and China; EGFR consists of extra-membrane ligand binding region, single chain transmembrane region and highly conserved intramembrane tyrosine kinase region. In various types of epithelial-derived malignant tumors, the normal EGFR pathway is often disrupted and abnormally activated, and enhanced EGFR-TK activity activates the downstream signaling pathway, cell growth cannot be inhibited, and the biological properties of tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis are enhanced, which ultimately promote tumorigenesis and development. (1) Gefitinib: trade name Iressa, an EGFR-TK inhibitor, is the first drug used in targeted lung cancer treatment. Previous global studies have confirmed the role of gefitinib in Asian, female, non-smoking patients with adenocarcinoma pathology. (2) Erlotinib: trade name Tarceva, an EGFR-TK inhibitor, has a smaller molecular structure than gefitinib, which helps it penetrate more effectively, enter cell membranes, reach tumor tissues and cells, and act as an anti-tumor agent. (3) Cetuximab: It is an early monoclonal antibody EGFR inhibitor used clinically, which can significantly inhibit the survival of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines with high EGFR expression. 2, mesenchymal lymphoma kinase ALK – first discovered as a subtype of mesenchymal large cell lymphoma, and later found that inversion of chromosome 2p in NSCLC caused fusion of the N-terminal end of echinoderm microtubule-associated class protein 4 (EML4) with the kinase region of ALK to produce a fusion gene, and animal experiments confirmed that the Patients with NSCLC positive for the EML4-ALK fusion gene have been defined as another specific disease subtype of NSCLC that exists independently of mutations in genes such as EGFR and K-ras. Representative drugs: Crizotinib: ALK inhibitor, trade name Seconal, has been approved for marketing in China in 2013. 3. Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF promotes tumor blood vessel formation, increases the value-added rate of tumor cells and reduces apoptosis. Representative drugs: (1) Bevacizumab: recombinant human anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody, which can block the binding of VEGF and its receptor to inhibit the biological activity of VEGF and inhibit the role of tumor neovascularization. (2) Vascular endothelial inhibitor: the trade name is Endo, which has completed clinical trial and marketed in China. Its mechanism of action is to inhibit tumor neovascularization by inhibiting the migration of endothelial cells that form blood vessels. The detection of EGFR and ALK, VEGR gene status in NSCLC patients is of great clinical significance, and authoritative academic institutions in the United States and the European Union have formulated their own guidelines for detection and treatment, so that the current treatment of NSCLC has entered the era of individualized treatment based on molecular targets, and the detection and treatment of these targets are of great significance.