Diabetes is very damaging to the nervous system, and it can be said that neuropathy is one of the most prevalent chronic complications of diabetes, and the incidence of diabetic neuropathy in China is 60.3%. Glucose enters the nerve cells without the help of insulin, so the concentration of glucose in the nerve cells of diabetic patients is often high. These glucose, catalyzed by aldose reductase, firstly generates sorbitol, which is then transformed into fructose, causing the osmotic pressure in the nerve cells to rise. At the same time, due to the patient’s high blood glucose, the proteins in the nerve cells undergo glycation degeneration, which, together with local hypoxia caused by diabetic microangiopathy, eventually leads to swelling of nerve cells, sheathing of nerve fibers, and the onset of diabetic neuropathy. Nerve tissue throughout the body may be damaged by diabetes. According to its location and function, diabetic neuropathy can be divided into two categories: central and peripheral neuropathy. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, and the relationship between diabetes and cerebrovascular disease has been mentioned earlier. Diabetes can also affect the spinal cord, manifesting as sensory and motor disorders in the limbs, loss of position sense, and possibly difficulty urinating and impotence. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy includes cranial nerve, sensory nerve, motor nerve and autonomic neuropathy. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, most of which are affected by diabetes. The manifestations of cranial nerve damage include inability to lift the upper eyelid, impaired eye movement, double vision, hearing loss, and distortion of the mouth and eyes; diabetic sensory neuropathy is very common, mainly manifested as peripheral neuritis, which often causes great pain to patients. The symptoms of peripheral neuritis are pain and numbness in the limbs, and when the pain is severe, some patients may lose the courage to continue living. Patients may have sensory abnormalities such as burning sensation, ankylosis, and tactile hypersensitivity, but have no normal sensation when exposed to external stimuli such as heat, cold, or stabbing, and are unable to take immediate self-protective measures. Other patients describe “no roots under the feet”, “like stepping on cotton”, easy to fall; compared with sensory nerves, motor nerve involvement is relatively rare, mainly manifested as vascular neuropathy, such as general weakness, muscle atrophy, limb pain, etc. Occasionally, single nerve paralysis causes limb paralysis, and most patients can disappear after active treatment; diabetic autonomic neuropathy is also very common, and patients often complain of profuse sweating, especially on the head, face and trunk, but not on the extremities, and when eating or a little activity, they sweat profusely, and some patients show hemianopsia. It is not uncommon to have alternating abdominal distention, fecal disorders, and diarrhea and constipation. Patients may have upright hypotension; they tend to have high blood pressure when lying down and drop it when standing up, or even dizziness and falling down. In addition many patients have urinary disorders, or have urine does not come out, or urine dripping. Impotence and infertility are also common in diabetic patients. All these symptoms are related to diabetic neuropathy. The incidence of diabetic neuropathy is high, unfortunately it is quite difficult to treat, especially to eradicate diabetic neuropathy, so the most important thing to prevent diabetic neuropathy is to prevent its occurrence and control its development. The first step is to control diabetes well in order to slow down the progression of diabetic neuropathy. The rate of progression of diabetic neuropathy is sometimes not parallel to the rate of control of diabetes, and because of differences in genetic characteristics, the neuropathy of better-controlled patients is not necessarily less severe than that of less-controlled patients, which means that people are not comparable to each other. But for each patient himself, well-controlled diabetes is certainly beneficial to the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy; secondly, the use of larger doses of vitamins, such as B, vitamin C and vitamin E such as methyl B12 (Micropol) may help, and in recent years some people advocate the use of aldose reductase inhibitors or gangliosides to improve neurophospholipid metabolism, reduce the production of sorbitol and improve nerve conduction The third is the use of vasoactive substances that improve microcirculation, because it is believed that microangiopathy on the nerve trunk is one of the pathological bases that cause diabetic neuropathy. In this regard, Chinese herbal medicine may play a greater role; the fourth is symptomatic treatment to minimize the pain caused by diabetic neuropathy to the patient. Symptomatic treatment includes relieving pain, alleviating numbness, avoiding upright hypotension, regulating bowel and stool, and treating impotence, which are also mentioned within the chapter on pharmacological treatment.