Interventional cerebrovascular medicine is the study of the diagnosis and direct treatment of cerebrovascular diseases using intravascular interventional techniques under the monitoring and guidance of medical imaging. Transcatheter digital subtraction cerebral angiography, intravascular ultrasound imaging, optical laminography for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis and cerebral stenosis, embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations, spring coil filling of cerebral aneurysms, embolization of severe rhinorrhea and blood-rich tumors of the head and face, ultra-early arterial selective thrombolysis for thrombotic cerebrovascular disease, thrombolysis of intracranial venous thrombosis, angioplasty and stent implantation, cerebral artery The repair of endothelial entrapment and intra-arterial chemotherapy for malignant glioma are all within the scope of this discipline, which covers most of the content of vascular neurology. In the past 10 years, due to further research on cerebrovascular anatomy, the continuous development of electronic computer technology, imaging technology, angiography technology, catheters, embolic materials and non-ionic contrast agents, the scope of research has been broadened, the research methods have been changing day by day, and the therapeutic effects have been perfected. Interventional treatment of cerebrovascular disease mainly includes: (a) Interventional treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease I. Endovascular arterial thrombolysis Endovascular thrombolysis includes regional intra-arterial thrombolysis, early super-selective intra-arterial contact thrombolysis and venous sinus contact thrombolysis. Regional intra-arterial thrombolysis is to inject the thrombolytic agent into the large blood vessel where the lesion is located with a catheter. The dose of thrombolytic agent used is small, with few side effects, and the operation is simple and easy, and it is suitable for intracranial large vessel embolism and thrombosis, such as in the internal carotid artery and vertebrobasilar artery. Early super-selective intra-arterial contact thrombolysis means that after the site of vascular occlusion is clarified by routine DSA, a microcatheter with multiple lateral holes is used to selectively enter the arterial embolism and inject thrombolytic agent directly before and after the embolus and within the embolus, which is suitable for occlusion of all branches of large and small vessels above the internal carotid artery and occlusion of the vertebrobasilar system. Venous sinus contact thrombolysis is performed by puncturing the femoral artery using the Seldinger technique and performing cerebral angiography via the femoral artery to show the site and extent of venous sinus thrombosis. A catheter is delivered from the vein to the venous sinus for thrombolysis, which is indicated for venous sinus thrombosis. For the prevention and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases such as carotid artery and vertebrobasilar artery stenosis, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), which emerged in the early 1980s, and endovascular stent placement (SP), which was applied in the late 1990s, have become the most popular treatment for carotid artery stenosis and vertebrobasilar artery stenosis. SP has excellent efficacy compared with drugs, CEA and PTA, and has less residual stenosis after surgery, and can prevent vascular elasticity retraction, vasospasm and arterial entrapment formation. The stents used can be divided into balloon-expandable stents and self-expandable stents. For patients with recurrent TIA episodes or recurrent cerebral infarction, especially those with multiple foci of infarction in the so-called watershed area of the cerebral hemispheres found in CT or MRI examinations, attention should be paid to screening by ultrasonography of cerebral vessels and carotid arteries or CTA or MRA examinations, because the rate of arterial stenosis in such patients is very high, and if stenosis is found, cerebral angiography should be performed as far as possible to further confirm the diagnosis to avoid If stenosis is found, cerebral angiography should be performed to further confirm the diagnosis to avoid delaying treatment. (Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage belongs to the category of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease, and the main cause is the rupture of intracranial aneurysm, which accounts for more than 80% of cases. Unless the patient is in a near-death state, early diagnosis and early treatment by cerebral angiography is preferred. Vascular embolization is mainly used in the interventional treatment of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease, initially mainly in the embolization of intracranial aneurysm, and then after long-term clinical practice and exploration, the scope of application has been gradually expanded. For example, embolization of intracranial arteriovenous malformation, embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula, embolization of Galen vein aneurysm-like malformation, embolization of internal carotid artery cavernous sinus fistula, embolization of head and neck hyperemic tumor and embolization of intractable rhinorrhea. Clinical practice has proven that vascular embolization has made many previously considered intractable or incurable diseases easy and treatable. Especially in recent years, some new embolization materials have been introduced, making this technique safer and with fewer complications. (iii) Intravascular drug perfusion Intravascular drug perfusion is currently used intracranially mainly for super-selective chemotherapy of malignant glioma of the brain and intracranial metastases. Especially for brain malignant glioma with rapid growth and high recurrence rate, but most of them are confined to intracranial area, and most of them have one or two arteries for blood supply. According to the location of tumor occurrence, the catheter is inserted into the tumor blood supply artery via femoral artery selection or super-selection, and chemotherapeutic drugs are injected through the catheter, which can reach almost 100% of tumor tissues and produce first-pass effect. It reduces the occurrence of systemic side effects. At present, Anyang People’s Hospital has a large C-arm digital subtractor from Holland PHILIPS, and the Department of Neurosurgery has been expanding the treatment methods of cerebrovascular diseases with the clinical experience of leading neurosurgery in the region for many years, and is carrying out or has successfully carried out many treatments such as embolization of intracranial aneurysm, embolization of intracranial arteriovenous malformation, embolization of internal carotid artery cavernous sinus fistula, angioplasty of carotid artery stent implantation, etc.