Urinary tract infections are one of the most common conditions seen in outpatients. It is estimated that about 60% of women will suffer from urinary tract infections during their lifetime. Urinary tract infections can be divided into upper urinary tract infections and lower urinary tract infections, and the majority of outpatients with urinary tract infections are lower urinary tract infections, with acute cystitis being the most common. Symptoms associated with lower urinary tract infections include urinary frequency, urinary urgency, painful urination, discomfort in the lower abdomen and posterior lumbar region, and hematuria in the naked eye may occur. Patients with upper urinary tract infections have significant systemic symptoms, including fever, low back pain, nausea, and vomiting, in addition to the local symptoms mentioned above. The most common pathogenic bacteria causing urinary tract infections are Escherichia coli, followed by bacteria such as Aspergillus, Klebsiella, and Enterococcus. So when the symptoms of lower urinary tract infection appear, you can empirically choose drugs such as furantoin, fosfomycin, also fluoroquinolone, cephalosporin, etc. The symptoms can disappear in 1-3 days with medication in women, and in men the medication should be extended for 2-3 days as appropriate, and generally should not exceed one week. Some patients are ineffective with empirical medication. Possible reasons include bacterial drug resistance, specific pathogenic infections, or wrong diagnosis. So if you do not see improvement after medication you should go to the hospital in time for further examination to avoid delaying treatment. A special reminder is that there is a special type of urinary tract infection called asymptomatic bacteriuria. The patient does not have any symptoms of a urinary tract infection, but bacteria, in most cases Escherichia coli, can indeed be cultured in the urine. This condition is common in the elderly, diabetics, people with indwelling urinary catheters, and in women. This type of infection generally does not require treatment except during pregnancy and when urological surgery is required. Blind application of antibiotic treatment can, in turn, make the bacteria resistant, complicate the infection, and be harmful to the body.