Pulmonary iron content is clinically known as pulmonary ferritinosis and cannot be cured. Its etiology and pathogenesis are not fully understood. Pulmonary ferritinosis is a rare disease characterized by recurrent hemoptysis, iron deficiency anemia, and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. The etiology and pathogenesis are not completely clear, and foreign scholars have put forward a variety of hypotheses, including immune factors, structural abnormalities of the lungs, cow’s milk allergy, genetic factors, exposure to organophosphorus insecticides, viral infections, and so on. There is no specific treatment, mostly symptomatic treatment. Glucocorticoids are preferred to control the acute symptoms, and when the effect is not good, the immunosuppressive drug azathioprine can be applied jointly, and can also be used in combination with cyclophosphamide. All of the above treatments can only slow down the progress of the disease and cannot cure the disease fundamentally. However, patients still need to actively carry out regular treatment to reduce clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life.