Rheumatoid arthritis, also known as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease whose etiology is not yet known, and rheumatoid arthritis is now recognized as an autoimmune disease. It may be related to endocrine, metabolic, nutritional, geographic, occupational, psychological and social environmental differences, bacterial and viral infections and genetic factors, etc. It is an autoimmune inflammatory disease with chronic, symmetric, multisynovial arthritis and extra-articular lesions as the main clinical manifestations. The disease occurs in small joints of the hands, wrists and feet, with recurrent attacks and symmetrical distribution. In the early stage, there is redness, swelling, pain and dysfunction of the joints, and in the late stage, the joints may have different degrees of stiffness and deformity, accompanied by atrophy of bone and skeletal muscle, which is very disabling. From the perspective of pathological changes, rheumatoid arthritis is a widespread inflammatory disease that primarily involves the synovial membrane (which can later spread to articular cartilage, bone tissue, joint ligaments and muscle bonds), followed by the plasma membrane, heart, lungs and connective tissues such as the eyes. The systemic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis include fever, fatigue, pericarditis, subcutaneous nodules, pleurisy, arteritis, and peripheral neuropathy, in addition to joint lesions. In the broad sense, rheumatoid arthritis includes a wide range of systemic lesions in addition to inflammatory lesions in the joints.