In general, hyperkalemia is treated by antagonizing potassium ions with potassium lowering resins, calcium, and insulin, and by removing the cause of the hyperkalemia. There are various clinical causes of hyperkalemia, including the importation of large amounts of stored blood and certain drugs, such as digitalis poisoning, severe infections, shock, burns, tumors and reduced potassium excretion due to renal failure. For these primary or causative causes, potassium lowering therapy can be administered on the basis of active control of the primary cause. If the patient is unable to find the primary cause or if the patient’s blood potassium is high and the situation is critical, symptomatic treatment can be used. Calcium can be used to antagonize the effects of high potassium on the heart, nervous system, and digestive system to relieve or treat the disease. In addition, high potassium can be antagonized by insulin. Secondly, oral or intravenous diuretics can also be used to lower potassium. For patients with hyperkalemia, it is important to limit potassium intake in general. In conclusion, the management of hyperkalemia is mainly through the treatment of the primary disease and potassium lowering therapy.