Drinking red wine is believed to prevent and treat heart disease. In this article, we review the literature to scientifically explore the effects of red wine on cardiovascular disease through epidemiology and biology. Moderate alcohol consumption is thought to improve overall survival, where moderate is defined as one or two drinks per day. A study of 38,077 healthy men followed for 12 years showed that drinking alcohol once or twice a day, three or four times a week, reduced cardiac events by 32%. The French diet is also heavily saturated fat. It is speculated that the low incidence of coronary heart disease in the French may be linked to drinking red wine, the so-called “French paradox”. Large studies suggest that drinking red wine can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease or stroke by about half, while white wine and beer have no effect. In addition to alcohol, the polyphenols in red wine are thought to prevent and slow down atherosclerosis. Specifically, the polyphenols may work by allowing blood vessels to release nitric oxide, a substance that is anti-inflammatory, reduces platelet activity and protects blood vessels. Currently, there is not enough evidence to prove that people who do not drink alcohol can protect their heart by drinking it. Moreover, there is a lot of experimental and clinical evidence that alcohol has significant side effects, including alcoholic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, arrhythmias, cirrhosis, tumors, pancreatitis, neurological disorders, movement disorders, and so on. Therefore, it is recommended that: people who are otherwise heavy drinkers need to reduce their daily alcohol consumption. People who do not drink alcohol in the first place, there is no reason to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by drinking red wine. You can consider other more definite ways, such as exercise, smoking cessation, blood pressure control, low-fat diet, etc. People who already drink moderate amounts of alcohol can continue the habit, but there is no evidence that raising alcohol intake protects the heart. Each individual is different and varies from person to person, so it is advisable to consult a specialist.