Pediatric ventricular septal defects are a very common form of congenital heart disease, which is found after birth. Depending on the severity of the ventricular septal defect, if the area of the defect is relatively small, it may heal on its own in the course of close temporary observation and regular cardiac ultrasound examinations after birth and up to preschool age. If the defect has not healed by school age, and the structure of the heart may change, then surgery should be performed as soon as possible. Surgery is usually the first choice, followed by interventional therapy, and once the interventional blockage is successful, it generally has no effect on the child’s future physical development, which is the same as that of a normal person. Therefore, pediatric ventricular septal defects, first of all, temporary close observation, regular review of the heart ultrasound, if the changes are more obvious, and even affect the child’s heart cavity structure, we must take the earliest possible surgical treatment.