HBeAg seroconversion has long been recognized as a clinically meaningful therapeutic endpoint, but its plausibility is debatable with the accumulation of evidence from clinical studies. A follow-up study of patients with spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion found that 33% of patients experienced exacerbations of CHB, with an earlier cumulative onset of cirrhosis and a greater proportion of patients who experienced HBeAg reversal; for patients who experienced exacerbations of CHB and remained HBeAg-negative, some of the HBVDNAs were above the upper limit of detection level. A survey study in Asian patients found that most cirrhosis-related complications and hepatocellular carcinoma occurred or continued to worsen after HBeAg seroconversion. This shows that spontaneous seroconversion does not mean that disease progression has stopped. So would the situation be different in case of treatment-induced HBeAg disappearance or seroconversion?Several clinical studies such as IFN and polyethylene glycol interferon, LVD/ADV/ETV have confirmed that about 70% of HBeAg-positive patients achieve HBeAg seroconversion with short-term treatment (2 years). Moreover, treatment-induced HBeAg seroconversion carries the risk of hepatitis recurrence. For example, in Asian studies, Korean scholars reported that the recurrence rate of HBeAg seroconversion after LVD treatment was 52% at one year after discontinuation of the drug, and 55.7% at two years; meanwhile, Taiwanese scholars reported that the recurrence rate at 48 weeks was 45.4%, and the recurrence rate at 72 weeks was 56.3%; Indian scholars The 6-month recurrence rate was reported as 35%. These hepatitis relapses need to receive anti-hepatitis B virus treatment again. Therefore, if HBeAg seroconversion is the goal of treatment, at least 50% of HBeAg-positive patients will need to receive oral antiviral therapy for more than 2 years. It has also been shown that the cumulative rates of IFN-a-induced HBeAg seroconversion and spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion in Asian patients differ only initially, and that the former is not as stable as the latter. HBVDNA is still detectable by PCR in 81% to 91% of the patients, and data from the most recent study, presented at APASL 2008, show that treatment-induced HBeAg seroconversion is not as stable as the latter. HBeAg seroconversions were reversed at 48 weeks after drug discontinuation at a higher rate than spontaneous HBeAg seroconversions, with a statistically significant difference. These data suggest that HBeAg serologic conversion cannot be used as a single, primary treatment endpoint.