Lung nodule with cavity is not necessarily early lung cancer, but also can be seen in cavity tuberculosis, lung abscess and other diseases, and should go to thoracic surgery in time. Cavity in lung nodule refers to the translucent area in the middle of lung nodule found by chest radiograph and CT examination of lung, which can be seen in infectious diseases of lung such as tuberculosis, lung abscess, pulmonary aspergillosis, etc., and can also be seen in lung cancer. 1. Cancer cavity caused by lung cancer is formed by necrosis and liquefaction of cancer foci, which is often eccentric, thick-walled, with uneven inner wall, usually without liquid plane and no inflammatory reaction of surrounding tissues. Patients often have chronic cough and sputum symptoms. Whether it is early stage or not needs further assessment of lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. 2. Cavitary tuberculosis often has symptoms of tuberculosis systemic toxicity, such as afternoon low-grade fever, night sweats, malaise, chronic cough, hemoptysis, etc. Imaging examination shows that the wall of the cavity is thicker, and there are tuberculosis infiltrating foci around it, and disseminated foci can be seen on the same side or the opposite side. 3. Lung abscess is a suppurative lesion of lung tissue caused by bacterial infection, with suppurative pneumonia in the early stage, followed by necrosis, liquefaction and abscess formation. Often have high fever, cough, cough a lot of purulent sputum, imaging can be manifested as a thin-walled cystic cavity, often with air-liquid plane, surrounded by inflammatory manifestations and so on. In conclusion, lung nodule with cavity is not necessarily early lung cancer, and it should go to thoracic surgery as early as possible to improve relevant examination and choose appropriate treatment after clarifying the etiology.