Neuroprosthetics is a subdiscipline of neuroscience dedicated to the study of regenerative repair and functional reconstruction of the nervous system. It includes basic and applied clinical research, and employs various intervention strategies such as tissue or cell transplantation, bioengineering, biological, physical, and pharmacological or chemical interventions to promote regenerative repair of destroyed or damaged nerves, reconstruct neuroanatomical projection pathways and loops, and improve neural signal transmission, ultimately achieving neurological restoration and/or reconstruction based on the original neuroanatomy and function. Neuroprosthetics covers some of the current treatments in traditional neurosurgery, orthopedics, rehabilitation, pediatrics, physical therapy, and hyperbaric medicine. The scope of neuroprosthetics research treatment includes neurological traumatic injury, degenerative degenerative damage, ischemic and hypoxic damage, demyelinating damage, sequelae of cerebrovascular disease, movement disorders, toxic and physical factor damage, hereditary and congenital or developmental neurological damage, and other neurological degeneration and damage. Specific conditions currently being studied and explored include: late spinal cord injury, post-stroke sequelae, pediatric cerebral palsy, motor neuron disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, multiple system atrophy, sequelae of craniocerebral injury, ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy, and other clinically common and refractory diseases. Strong alliance with translational medicine The scientific progress of neuroscience is rapidly changing, but it takes a long time to apply most of the results to clinical practice. Translational medicine is a new concept that has emerged in the international medical health field in the past two to three years, advocating the concept of identifying and raising problems from clinical work, having basic researchers conduct in-depth research, and then rapidly transferring the results of basic research to clinical application, with close cooperation between basic and clinical scientists in order to improve the overall level of medical care. Neuroprosthetics research objects are mostly refractory neurological diseases of all kinds. The main objective of the department is to promote the rapid and coordinated development of basic and applied neuroprosthetics research, to break the barrier between basic neuroprosthetics research, drug development and clinical medicine, to establish a direct link between each other, to shorten the process from laboratory to bedside, to reflect the latest concepts and core values of translational medicine, and to allow patients to benefit from the results of medical science and technology more quickly. Focus on functional repair A similar concept to “neuroprosthetics” is “neuroregeneration”, and a similar discipline to “neuroprosthetics” is “Neural Regeneration”. The key to repairing damage to the central nervous system is to promote central nerve regeneration, but central nerve regeneration does not necessarily mean repairing and regaining damaged nerve function. Neuroprosthetics includes both the repair of nerve structure and the repair of nerve function, and emphasizes the repair of anatomical structures along with the restoration of function. The most important and fundamental goal of clinical treatment is to obtain functional recovery, and when 10% to 15% of the anatomical structure is repaired, a qualitative leap in function is likely to be achieved. Therefore, in practice, if the goal of treatment is to repair 10% of the neural structures, then clinical restorative treatment of the central nervous system is realistic and feasible rather than unattainable.