Cataracts are the most common type of eye disease in the elderly and one of the most blinding eye diseases. In clinical practice, some elderly patients are often found to have cataracts after their vision has declined, leading to blindness, and only after some relevant tests. The medical explanation for cataracts is that the lens of the eye is clouded, causing vision loss. The process of complete clouding of the lens usually takes a long time, so in terms of cataract treatment, the treatment plan will be made according to the structure and the individual’s condition after some relevant examinations. Currently, the treatment for cataract is medication and surgery. Medication is an auxiliary treatment, and the common medications for cataract are cataract suspension and cataract bright. Drug treatment is only preventive and can temporarily relieve the symptoms of cataract, but it cannot cure the cataract and is only suitable for the early stage of cataract.
Surgery is the main treatment method for cataracts. It is a surgical procedure to remove the clouded lens in order to restore vision. The traditional cataract surgery methods include cataract intracapsular extraction, cataract needle aspiration, cataract needle plucking, etc., which only remove the lens including the capsule membrane completely and cannot preserve the posterior capsule of the lens. And with the rapid development of medicine, cataract extracapsular extraction, IOL implantation, lens ultrasonic emulsion extraction, etc. It is characterized by extracapsular cataract extraction with anterior chamber closed aspiration and perfusion method under the surgical microscope. Since the intact posterior lens capsule is preserved, it shows a number of superiorities compared to intracapsular extraction, such as reduced chance of vitreous loss, which results in fewer complications such as retinal fissures and retinal detachment.
Cataract ultrasound emulsification technology is a major achievement in microsurgery. Since 1967, Dr. KELMAN in the United States invented the first ultrasound emulsification instrument and used it in clinical practice, and after more than 30 years of continuous improvement and perfection by many ophthalmologists, cataract ultrasound emulsification technology has become a world-recognized, advanced and mature surgical method. Ultrasound emulsification is now popular in developed countries, and has been introduced and promoted in China since 1992. During the surgery, an ultrasound probe is inserted into a small incision in the cornea or sclera to break the cloudy lens and cortex into celiac disease, and then the celiac disease is sucked out with the help of a suction and perfusion system, while keeping the anterior chamber full. The ultrasonic emulsification technology truly achieves the surgical ideal of small incision, no pain, short operation time, no hospitalization, and rapid recovery of vision.
What are the characteristics of cataract ultrasound-emulsification IOL implantation Compared with traditional surgery, cataract ultrasound-emulsification IOL implantation has the following advantages.
1. Small surgical incision, 12MM for traditional surgery, but less than 3MM for this surgery.
2. Light postoperative reaction, quick healing of the incision, faster and better vision recovery.
3.The postoperative astigmatism is small and easier to correct or control.
4. Better control of surgery, safe and stable.
5.Surgery time is short, generally only about 15-30 minutes.
6.No need to wait for the cataract to mature before performing the surgery.
After cataract extraction, the eye loses the essential structure of crystal, and the vision is still unclear. Under normal circumstances, IOL implantation can be used for a lifetime.
Indications for cataract surgery.
Cataract surgery has a wide range of indications, and all types of cataracts suitable for restorative surgery can be treated surgically:
1. Those with cloudy lens and visual acuity below 0 or 3, including corrected visual acuity.
2.Regardless of visual acuity, as long as the patient has high requirements for visual acuity, or has special occupational requirements.
3.Lens dislocation and semi-dislocation.
4.Highly myopic eyes combined with cataracts.
5.Congenital cataracts of all ages.
6.Cataract complicated by inflammation, must wait for intraocular inflammation to be controlled for more than six months.
7.Traumatic cataract.
8.Cataract combined with glaucoma, IOP control can be combined with surgery.
There are no absolute contraindications to cataract surgery. Some cataract patients with systemic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension can undergo cataract surgery as long as the primary diseases are controlled within the normal range.
1. Cataract surgery should be performed afterwards.
2. If you are taking medications for hypertension, diabetes or cough, please continue to take them before and after surgery and on the day of surgery.
3. Do your personal hygiene (wash your hair and take a shower) the day before surgery.
4.On the day of surgery, please wash your face clean and do not use any cosmetics.
5.You can eat a small amount before the surgery.
6.Be sure to have a family member with you on the day of surgery.
Post-operative precautions.
1.After cataract surgery, patients may not adapt to strong light at the beginning, and they should also avoid dust, 1. They can wear sunglasses to block the strong light and dust.
2. Eye drops should be used on time as instructed by the doctor.
3. Avoid rubbing the eyes or bumping the eyes and head as much as possible.
4.Transportation is smooth and safe when you go out.
5.Do not sleep on the side of the operated eye, do not lower your head excessively for two weeks, and do not participate in sports with large movements.
6.Do not drink alcohol or eat spicy food for a short period of time after surgery, wash your hair and take a bath within a week, and avoid dirty water in your eyes when washing your face. (Dirty water refers to all liquids other than eye drops) invasive surgery method.