The prime mover of accelerated pubertal growth is sex hormones. The main endocrine hormones regulating growth during puberty are sex hormones and growth hormone. Total height gain during puberty is about 15-18% of adult lifetime height, with girls gaining around 25 cm and boys around 28 cm throughout puberty. The height at the beginning of puberty and the duration of puberty both directly affect lifelong height.?
Proliferative depletion of chondrocytes in the growth plate is shown on imaging as an increase in bone age
Bone age can be used to determine the degree of chondrocyte proliferation depletion and remaining growth potential; bone age closure is when the growth plate is completely replaced by bone tissue and the epiphysis is completely fused with the metaphysis
The maturation of bone in either boys or girls is related to estrogen, which has an effect on the epiphysis by promoting epiphyseal healing and causing growth to cease. Therefore, once the child’s reproductive system matures and sex hormones are secreted in large quantities, the epiphysis quickly closes.
Usually when a girl’s menarche is presented, the overall growth in height has been completed nearly 95% of her lifetime height, which means that there is generally only about 8 cm of growth after menstruation. So parents must pay attention to their child’s height early on and intervene in early adolescence once they find it unsatisfactory
Growth potential is defined as the inherent ability to grow given by congenital (genetic) predisposition. Genetic height is determined by parental height.
Residual growth potential is defined as the ability of an individual, at a given age, to contribute as much as he still has to lifetime height. Generally 2 years after menarche is close to lifetime height
The percentage contribution of infantile growth to lifetime height is 44% for boys and 46.2% for girls.
From birth to the end of puberty, when height growth stops, the regulation of height growth goes through three stages: regulation by nutrition; regulation by the growth-promoting hormone axis; and synergistic regulation by the growth-promoting hormone axis and the gonadal axis.
Hormones that promote the growth of the body during childhood and adolescence.
1. The main endocrine hormones regulating growth during childhood are growth hormone and thyroid hormone.
2. After entering puberty, sex hormones become the main primitive force for accelerated height growth.
3. In early and middle puberty, with the increase of sex hormone level compared with pre-pubertal period, the secretion of pituitary GH also increases.
4.The increase in GH secretion during puberty is mainly manifested as an increase in pulse amplitude, while the pulse frequency remains unchanged.
Pubertal growth.
1.Pubertal growth is the second leap in growth after life.
2. The height obtained during puberty determines 15% to 18% of the final adult height.
3, pubertal growth is in an accelerated – decelerated – stopped growth pattern.
4. The growth pattern specific to puberty is synergistically regulated by the gonadal axis – growth hormone axis.
The growth plate is the cartilage layer preserved at the junction of the epiphysis and metaphysis.
1. Each chondrocyte within the growth plate contains an inherent limit of proliferative capacity.
2, Chondrocyte proliferation causes bone growth and lengthening while also consuming its inherent proliferative capacity.
3, When the chondroproliferative capacity is completely exhausted, the growth plate is completely ossified, and the growth plate is completely fused with the bone stem, growth stops.
4. The presence of this hormone is required for the fusion of the epiphysis in both sexes.
The two major factors that enable the growth potential to function properly are
1. Normal regulation of growth-related endocrine hormones
2, comprehensive and balanced nutrition
Factors that affect growth and development during puberty are
1, genetic factors
2, chronic diseases, nutrition
3.Living environment
The key to the normal development of growth potential lies in
1, normal endocrine and nutritional state of growth potential to get normal play, each period to complete its due contribution to the lifelong height.
2.Any abnormal growth occurs at any stage, causing the FAH to be impaired because the stage cannot complete its contribution to the lifetime height.
3.Infant growth is delayed by nutritional or disease factors, and when it enters childhood, it cannot compensate for the loss in infancy due to changes in growth regulation mechanism.
4.Premature sexual maturity causes the FAH to be impaired by the early end of the previous stage.
The growth potential and residual growth potential of an individual can be assessed comprehensively from gender, maturity of puberty initiation, growth rate over the years, parental height and age of development.
The main endocrine hormones that regulate growth during puberty are sex hormones and growth hormone. The total height gain during puberty is about 15-18% of the adult lifetime height, with girls gaining about 25 cm and boys about 28 cm throughout puberty. The height at the beginning of puberty and the duration of puberty both directly affect lifelong height.?
Proliferative depletion of chondrocytes in the growth plate is shown on imaging as an increase in bone age
Bone age can be used to determine the degree of chondrocyte proliferation depletion and remaining growth potential; bone age closure is the complete replacement of the growth plate by bone tissue and the complete fusion of the epiphysis with the metaphysis
The maturation of bone in either boys or girls is related to estrogen, which has an effect on the epiphysis by promoting epiphyseal healing and causing growth to cease. Therefore, once the child’s reproductive system matures and sex hormones are secreted in large quantities, the epiphysis quickly closes.
Usually when a girl’s menarche is presented, the overall growth in height has been completed nearly 95% of her lifetime height, which means that there is generally only about 8 cm of growth after menstruation. So parents must pay attention to their child’s height early on and intervene in early adolescence once they find it unsatisfactory
Growth potential is defined as the inherent ability to grow given by congenital (genetic) predisposition. Genetic height is determined by parental height.
Residual growth potential is defined as the ability of an individual, at a given age, to contribute as much as he still has to lifetime height. Generally 2 years after menarche is close to lifetime height
The percentage contribution of infantile growth to lifetime height is 44% for boys and 46.2% for girls.
From birth to the end of puberty, when height growth stops, the regulation of height growth goes through three stages: regulation by nutrition; regulation by the growth-promoting hormone axis; and synergistic regulation by the growth-promoting hormone axis and the gonadal axis.
Hormones that promote the growth of the body during childhood and adolescence.
1. The main endocrine hormones regulating growth during childhood are growth hormone and thyroid hormone.
2. After entering puberty, sex hormones become the main primitive force for accelerated height growth.
3. In early and middle puberty, with the increase of sex hormone level compared with pre-pubertal period, the secretion of pituitary GH also increases.
4.The increase in GH secretion during puberty is mainly manifested as an increase in pulse amplitude, while the pulse frequency remains unchanged.
Pubertal growth.
1.Pubertal growth is the second leap in growth after life.
2. The height obtained during puberty determines 15% to 18% of the final adult height.
3, pubertal growth is in an accelerated – decelerated – stopped growth pattern.
4. The growth pattern specific to puberty is synergistically regulated by the gonadal axis – growth hormone axis.
The growth plate is the cartilage layer preserved at the junction of the epiphysis and metaphysis.
1. Each chondrocyte within the growth plate contains an inherent limit of proliferative capacity.
2, Chondrocyte proliferation causes bone growth and lengthening while also consuming its inherent proliferative capacity.
3, When the chondroproliferative capacity is completely exhausted, the growth plate is completely ossified, and the growth plate is completely fused with the bone stem, growth stops.
4. The presence of this hormone is required for the fusion of the epiphysis in both sexes.
The two major factors that enable the growth potential to function properly are
1. Normal regulation of growth-related endocrine hormones
2, comprehensive and balanced nutrition
Factors that affect growth and development during puberty are
1, genetic factors
2, chronic diseases, nutrition
3.Living environment
The key to the normal development of growth potential lies in
1, normal endocrine and nutritional state of growth potential to get normal play, each period to complete its due contribution to the lifelong height.
2.Any abnormal growth occurs at any stage, causing the FAH to be impaired because the stage cannot complete its contribution to the lifetime height.
3.Infant growth is delayed by nutritional or disease factors, and when it enters childhood, it cannot compensate for the loss in infancy due to changes in growth regulation mechanism.
4.Premature sexual maturity causes the FAH to be impaired by the early end of the previous stage.
The growth potential and residual growth potential of an individual can be assessed comprehensively from the gender, maturity of puberty initiation, growth rate over the years, parental height and age of development.