Heterozygous hypercholesterolemia refers to heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, which is a disorder of lipid metabolism caused by genetic abnormalities. Due to its own genetic abnormality, the patient’s body has difficulty in removing LDL cholesterol from the blood as normal people do, which naturally leads to hypercholesterolemia as well as causing atherosclerosis, and its main clinical features are hypercholesterolemia, characteristic yellow tumors, and a family history of early-onset cardiovascular disease. This disease is a hereditary hyperlipidemia that occurs more commonly in childhood and is one of the most serious of the lipid metabolism diseases. Due to its specificity, it is prone to cardiovascular disease and is one of the risk factors for coronary artery disease. Its treatment mainly includes the improvement of daily life style and medication, the medication can take statin drugs, or inject PCSK9 inhibitors, such as aliskirenzumab, daily exercise, low-salt and low-fat diet, as a way to avoid exacerbation of the disease. Disease treatment should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor, it is not recommended to self-medication, but will delay the condition.