In 1997, Professor Anthony Yeung invented a new single-channel coaxial spinal endoscope and removed the disc through the classic Kambin safety triangle, the famous Yeung technique, and in 2002, Professor Thomas Hoogland of Germany reported the more advanced Thessys technique, which is widely recognized in the field of spinal endoscopy. Based on these earliest “foraminoscopic techniques”, and with the concerted efforts of all minimally invasive spine surgeons, including Chinese minimally invasive spine surgeons, spinal endoscopic techniques, concepts, equipment and instruments have been constantly updated and optimized, gradually developing into the current mature foraminoscopic techniques. Because of the advantages of minimally invasive intervertebral foraminoscopy in treating lumbar disc herniation, such as less trauma, less bleeding, faster recovery, higher safety, and exact efficacy, it is highly respected by the majority of orthopedic surgeons and patients. Intervertebral foramoscopy equipment is similar to arthroscopic and laparoscopic systems, and consists of lenses, light source systems, imaging workstations, radiofrequency ablation systems, subscopic power systems and surgical operating instruments. The first surgical approaches were primarily lateral transvertebral foraminal (wound on the lateral posterior aspect of the body) and later posterior translaminar (wound on the posterior aspect of the body). Both the transforaminal and interlaminar approaches have a small surgical incision (less than 1 cm). Prior to surgery, the surgeon determines the surgical target based on the patient’s symptoms and the results of the MRI and CT, i.e., the area of the disc to be removed. The patient needs to lie prone on the operating table during surgery, and the previously selected target is first photographed with a C-arm machine to lock the puncture site. After disinfection with iodine and alcohol, a syringe is used to inject an appropriate amount of anesthesia into the puncture site. After satisfactory anesthesia, the patient will not experience significant pain, but the patient will remain awake at all times. Next, a fine puncture needle is inserted at the puncture point to reach the target site and a working channel is gradually established under the guidance of the puncture needle. Then the intervertebral foramoscope lens and light source are placed into the working channel to reach the target site, at which time the structural image of the lesion is magnified 30 times and presented on the computer monitor, and the doctor can clearly see the site and degree of disc herniation and nerve root compression. The doctor then carefully removes the herniated disc nucleus pulposus with special instruments, removes the hyperplastic ligaments and bony ligaments, and uses radiofrequency electrodes to repair the broken annulus fibrosus and stop bleeding. The procedure is completed when the nerve roots are completely relaxed without any compression and the patient is asked to make sure the pain is completely gone. Immediately after the surgery, the patient will feel relief from the leg pain and numbness, and will feel a sense of relief. The entire operation takes about one hour, bleeding is about 5ml, the wound is 8mm, only one stitch is needed, and the patient can be discharged the next day. The procedure of removing the lumbar disc with the minimally invasive technique of “intervertebral foraminoscopy” fully embodies the concept of “precision medicine” and thoroughly implements the concept of “minimally invasive”, so that the patient can get the best result with the least and most invasive cost. The procedure fully embodies the concept of “precision medicine” and thoroughly implements the concept of “minimally invasive”, so that patients can obtain the best surgical results and the fastest recovery at the smallest and most invasive cost, maximizing the benefits to patients.