Children are affected by certain diseases that cause small children to be significantly thinner compared to normal children. Apparent thinness in children is one of the clinical symptoms of congenital heart disease. Infants with congenital heart disease significantly lag behind children of the same age in terms of development, manifesting as thinness, malnutrition and growth retardation. Congenital cardiovascular disease is the most common type of congenital malformation. With advances in cardiac diagnostic methods and surgical treatment techniques, the majority of congenital cardiovascular diseases can now be clearly diagnosed and surgically corrected for treatment, and the prognosis is significantly improved compared to the previous ones. The diagnosis of congenital heart disease can be made based on the clinical symptoms of congenital heart disease. In mild cases, no symptoms are found during physical examination, while in severe cases, dyspnea, cyanosis and syncope after activity may be present, and in older children, growth retardation may be present. The presence or absence of symptoms and manifestations are also related to the type of disease and the presence of complications. According to the hemodynamic combined with pathophysiological changes, three categories can be developed: I. No shunt category No shunt on the left or right side, no cyanosis, such as pulmonary artery orifice stenosis, aortic stenosis, aortic constriction, primary pulmonary artery dilatation, primary pulmonary hypertension or right-sided heart, etc. Second, left to right shunt category There is an abnormal channel between the left and right heart chambers or main and pulmonary arteries, the pressure on the left side is higher than the right side, and the left arterial blood enters the right venous blood through the abnormal channel – left to right shunt, such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, arteriovenous catheterization, main pulmonary artery septal defect, partial pulmonary vein malformation drainage, Valsalva (Valsalva) sinus aneurysm breaking into the right heart. There is usually no cyanosis, but if pulmonary hypertension occurs in the late stage with bidirectional or right-to-left shunt, cyanosis occurs, also called late cyanosis type. Third, right-to-left shunt type The pressure in the right heart cavity or pulmonary artery is abnormally increased and blood flows into the left heart cavity or aorta through abnormal channels. Cyanosis is usually present soon after birth, such as tetralogy of Fallot, tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, permanent arterial trunk, great vessel borrowing, Eisenmenger’s syndrome, etc.