Chinese people are very concerned about their “kidneys”, according to Chinese medicine: “kidneys are the essence of the first day”, the “kidney energy” is related to the health of the body and the length of life. The old saying goes: the waist is the house of the kidneys, kidney deficiency is waist pain. However, does waist pain necessarily mean that there is kidney disease? We should first know that all pain is related to sensory nerves, and the kidney parenchyma itself is not distributed by sensory nerves, so there will be no pain when the disease is damaged. However, there are sensory nerves distributed in the renal peritoneum, ureter and renal pelvis, etc. When the tension increases or the peritoneum is stretched, pain can occur. Common pains related to kidney and urinary system are: 1. renal colic is mostly associated with upper urinary tract obstruction, such as kidney stone, ureteral stone, blood clot obstruction, etc., accompanied by hematuria, pallor, nausea and vomiting, sweating and other symptoms, once the obstruction is lifted, the pain is immediately relieved; 2. severe pain is seen in perinephric septic inflammation, such as kidney and perinephric abscess, renal obstruction, acute pyelonephritis, and renal area with obvious pressure pain and percussion pain. It is important to note that IgA nephropathy can also sometimes present with severe pain in the lower back. 3. Low back pain is commonly associated with renal prolapse, chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney, renal tumor, chronic pyelonephritis, and hydronephrosis. Some of the lumbago is not directly related to kidney diseases, but it needs to be differentiated from the lumbago caused by kidney diseases: 1. Lumbago caused by spinal lesions is commonly seen in ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, spinal tuberculosis, spinal trauma, vertebral body osteophytes, disc herniation, etc. X-ray, spiral CT and relevant laboratory tests can assist in making a clear diagnosis. 2.Lumbar pain caused by lumbar and paraspinal soft tissue diseases, commonly seen in lumbar muscle strain, myofibrillar tissue inflammation, acute lumbar sprain, etc. 3.Lumbago caused by spinal nerve roots, such as acute myelitis, spinal cord compression, lumbosacral neuritis, etc. 4.Lumbago caused by internal organs and tissues, such as chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pancreatitis, etc. 5.Some acute abdominal diseases can also cause lumbago, which has abdominal signs, such as obvious pressure points with rebound pain, etc.