Benign prostatic hyperplasia is one of the most common benign diseases that cause urinary disorders in middle-aged and elderly men, usually occurring after the age of 40, with an incidence of greater than 50% by the age of 60 and 83% by the age of 80, with symptoms such as difficulty in urination increasing with age. The cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia is still not well understood, and the growing age and functioning testes are two important factors in the onset of the disease. The symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia usually appear after the age of 50, the disease develops slowly and the symptoms can be mild or severe. The most common symptom in the early stages is frequent urination, which is more obvious with increased nighttime urination and should be taken seriously. Difficulty in urination is the most important symptom, with typical manifestations such as waiting for urination, thin and weak urine stream, short distance, end of urine drip not dry, and prolonged urination time. The aggravation of the disease can lead to residual urine, overflow incontinence, acute and chronic urinary retention, hydronephrosis, renal function impairment, and can be combined with urinary tract infection, hematuria, stones, inguinal hernia, prolapse, internal hemorrhoids, etc. Therefore, middle-aged and elderly men with symptoms of frequent urination and difficult urination should seek medical attention as early as possible to avoid the development of the disease and serious comorbidities, such as renal function impairment. The diagnosis of BPH is not difficult based on typical clinical manifestations, but the following tests should be done, such as rectal examination, ultrasound, urine flow rate, etc. It is worth mentioning that with the increasing incidence of prostate cancer, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) determination is particularly important. Surgical treatment should be considered. At present, minimally invasive transurethral prostate surgery is the main treatment.