Clinical classification of cerebral palsy
According to the clinical characteristics and with reference to the revision of the 1956 American Academy of Cerebral Palsy (AACP) classification, pediatric cerebral palsy can be divided into the following types: spastic, tardive, tonic, ataxic, tremulous, hypotonic, mixed, and unclassifiable. According to the location of paralysis, they are divided into: monoplegia, paraplegia, hemiplegia, diplegia, trigeminal paralysis, quadriplegia, and dual hemiplegia.
(1) Clinical characteristics of the spastic type
Brain injury loses control of spinal cord function, and the motor commands of the brain cannot be completed well, resulting in motor impairment and abnormal posture.
(2) Clinical characteristics of the tardive dyskinesia type (involuntary movement type)
The lesion site is mainly in the deep basal nucleus of the brain and the external cone pathway part. Patients show asymmetrical unnatural posture, unable to do complete flexible movements, but instead show the opposite intention of the involuntary movement to extend the whole body movements. Irregular movements appear in the face, neck, and upper extremities during tension, and can be seen in frowning, back of the arm, and irregular movements of the hand and fingertips.
(3) Clinical features of ataxia
Organic lesions of the cerebellum, as well as lesions of the conus system, extrapyramidal system and deep sensory system. The type of disease in which the balance function is lost due to damage to the cerebellum and brainstem.
(4) Clinical features of mixed cerebral palsy
There are two or more types of cerebral palsy mixed with each other. The most common mixed types are hand-foot tardive type + spastic type, hand-foot tardive type + dyscalculia type, hand-foot tardive type + spastic type + dyscalculia type, and dyscalculia type + spastic type.
(5) Clinical features of flaccid cerebral palsy
It is characterized by low autonomy due to the lack of resistance to gravity, and children with this type have almost no postural maintenance function.
Accompanying symptoms of cerebral palsy
(1) Speech and language impairment
(2) mental retardation
(3) salivation
(4) epilepsy
(5)Hearing impairment
(6)Visual impairment
(8)Mental and behavioral disorders