Vascular dialysis access is the lifeline for maintenance hemodialysis patients, and until now, the autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) has been the ideal vascular pathway for dialysis patients. With the prolongation of dialysis survival, the increase of diabetic nephropathy and the aging of patients, up to 30% of maintenance hemodialysis patients require hospitalization due to stenosis and loss of function of the AVF, among which stenosis and occlusion of the AVF are the most common. The interventional technique has become an important safeguard measure in this field. Balloon dilatation of the stenotic vessels can restore blood flow to the fistula, thus ensuring effective dialysis. The figure below shows the pre-treatment imaging, intra-operative balloon dilation and post-treatment imaging, respectively, which allow the patient to preserve dialysis access and avoid reoperation, and which are less risky and damaging than surgery. 