A new 5-HT receptor agonist, lamictal

  Migraine is a common neurological disorder that was ranked as the second leading cause of disability among 328 diseases in 195 countries between 1990 and 2016 and is becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease, according to The Lancet Global Burden of Disease Study. Important features of migraine are moderately severe, unilateral, throbbing headache attacks lasting 4 to 72 hours and accompanied by nausea, vomiting, vocal and/or photophobia. However, the exact etiology and pathogenesis of migraine are not yet known. Therefore, the search for a safe, effective, and specific medication remains a challenge and warrants further research. In general, the choice of acute treatment is based on two main classes of drugs: nonspecific drugs (analgesics and NSAIDs) and specific drugs (tretinoin and ergot derivatives). As the gold standard in migraine treatment, tritans are a class of selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B/1D receptor agonists that have gradually replaced ergometrine derivatives. However, 30% to 40% of treated patients do not respond to tritans, and these drugs also carry a risk of serious cardiovascular adverse events caused by vasoconstriction. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new acute treatment for migraine, especially for those patients for whom current treatment does not achieve optimal efficacy. Lamictal is a novel 5-HT receptor agonist with high affinity and selectivity for 5-HT1F receptors and acts on the trigeminal system without causing vasoconstriction due to its low affinity for 5-HT1B receptors. One study included four randomized controlled trials with a total of 4,960 subjects, and the overall effect assessment showed that lamictal was significantly better than placebo in terms of pain-free and pain relief. The FDA has approved lamictal for the acute treatment of migraine (with or without aura) in adults on October 11, 2019, and approval was based on positive results from two pivotal phase III trials (SAMURAI and SPARTAN) in which lamictal significantly improved patients’ freedom from headache pain and the most annoying symptoms (photophobia, phonophobia, or nausea) compared to placebo ). The long-term efficacy and safety of lamivudine is currently unknown and needs to be validated with continued dosing.