There are many categories of special diseases, nearly 20, and the causes of these diseases are diverse, such as diseases arising from various organs of the human body, such as renal failure, coronary heart disease, liver cirrhosis, bronchial asthma, chronic pulmonary heart disease, severe prostate hyperplasia, and rheumatoid arthritis. There are also diseases produced by the human immune system, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes, hemophilia, myeloproliferative diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, tuberculosis, and aplastic anemia. There are also other categories of diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, cerebrovascular sequelae, and psychiatric diseases. Special diseases are those that have come into the limelight with the increase in health insurance coverage, are costly, take a long time to treat, and have a prognosis of relying on medication to maintain their original standard of living. Many patients whose families are not well off cannot afford to treat special diseases before they are covered by health insurance. Currently, with the improvement of the medical level in each region, more diseases are included in the medical insurance.