The cure rate for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with aplastic anemia is roughly 50% to 80%. The cure rate differs between severe and non-severe aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia is a primary hematopoietic failure disease. It is classified into severe and non-severe remittent anemia according to the urgency of the onset of the disease, blood and bone marrow images, and the prognosis of the patient. 1. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is recommended for patients with severe remittent anemia who are under 45 years old, free of infection and other complications, and have a suitable donor, as they are physically fit, have a higher success rate of transplantation, and are more tolerant to infection and rejection, so they have a higher cure rate. 2. For patients with older age, poor organ function or chronic aplastic anemia, drug maintenance therapy is recommended, such as cyclosporine and testosterone undecanoate. Therefore, whether a specific patient with aplastic anemia can be cured by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation needs to be evaluated and decided by doctors in specialized departments. The use of drugs should be under the guidance of a physician.