Aplastic anemia and leukemia are two different groups of diseases, distinguished by different pathogenesis, different nature of the disease, and different treatment options. Aplastic anemia is a group of bone marrow hematopoietic failure syndromes caused by a variety of etiological factors, mainly characterized by decreased proliferation of bone marrow hematopoietic cells and a decrease in the number of whole blood cells. Leukemia is a type of hematopoietic stem cell malignant clonal disease, commonly known as abnormal proliferation of white blood cells in the blood. 1. The pathogenesis is different: the bone marrow of patients with cataract has poor hematopoietic function, and the number of various blood cells generated in the blood is significantly reduced. On the other hand, the hematopoietic function of leukemia patients is normal, only that the bone marrow produces a large number of immature leukocytes, while the function of other types of blood cells decreases or loses its physiological function. 2. The nature of the disease is different: leukemia belongs to the malignant tumor of hematopoietic system, and its cure rate is relatively low. Aplastic anemia is a benign blood disease. 3. Different treatment plans: leukemia is often treated with chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, etc. For acute remittent syndrome, in addition to immunosuppressants, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is preferred. Chronic cataracts, the general choice of immunosuppressive therapy, preferred cyclosporine. In addition, both acute and chronic cataracts require active supportive symptomatic treatment.