Regular exercise, like diet control, is one of the two basic therapies for diabetes, and is an indispensable and essential component of comprehensive treatment for diabetic patients. 1, the purpose and effect of exercise therapy Improve the imbalance between energy consumption and storage in diabetic patients, help maintain the ideal weight or reduce weight; improve the insulin resistance state, help correct a variety of metabolic disorders in diabetes, lower blood sugar and improve lipid metabolism; improve heart function and help improve the quality of life of patients. Exercise therapy is mainly applied to diabetic patients with blood sugar below 16.7mmol/l, especially overweight or obese people. 2. Potential risks of exercise therapy Exercise can raise blood pressure and induce the risk of angina pectoris, heart attack or arrhythmia in patients with coronary heart disease; intense exercise can cause vitreous hemorrhage in patients with proliferative retinopathy; exercise increases urinary protein excretion and aggravates degenerative joint disease; continuous high-intensity exercise can also induce ketosis or ketoacidosis. Exercise can promote the absorption of insulin and increase the risk of hypoglycemia in insulin-treated patients. Exercise therapy is not recommended for people with the following conditions: large blood sugar fluctuations or tendency to hypoglycemia; acute metabolic complications of diabetes; hypertension or coronary heart disease that are not effectively controlled; severe autonomic neuropathy; severe peripheral neuropathy or foot injury; unstable proliferative retinopathy. 3, the principles of exercise therapy and safety Principles of exercise therapy: individualization of exercise programs, each diabetic patient should develop the type and mode of exercise suitable for themselves; should not participate in intense competition and exercise; exercise should start with a small amount, gradual, measured and persistent. Safety of exercise therapy: choose the timing of exercise; determine the intensity and frequency of exercise; determine the duration of each exercise. 4, the type of exercise therapy and the amount of exercise advocate a moderate amount of aerobic exercise walking, jogging, swimming, climbing, cycling, golf, dancing, tai chi, etc.. It is not suitable to participate in anaerobic exercise which is mainly done by muscle explosive force, such as weight lifting, high jump, long jump, etc. Avoid walking barefoot and walking backwards, as it may lead to foot injury or fall. Determination of the amount of exercise, including exercise intensity, exercise time and frequency. The intensity of exercise determines the effect of treatment, too low can only play a comforting role; while the intensity is too large, the proportion of anaerobic metabolism increases, reducing the therapeutic effect, and even cause sports injuries. There is a linear relationship between heart rate and exercise intensity, and the use of target heart rate to reflect the intensity of exercise is a simple and effective way. The target heart rate is the heart rate that can obtain a good exercise effect but also ensure the safety. The target heart rate for exercise in patients with diabetes is about 170 – age (years). The cumulative exercise time to achieve the target heart rate is generally 20-30 minutes. Patients should master the correct method of measuring heart (pulse) rate during exercise and monitor it in conjunction with changes in blood glucose. In simple terms, 30 to 40 minutes of exercise 1 hour after meals every day, 3 to 5 days a week, i.e., about 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise per week can help control blood glucose and improve quality of life. Even a small amount of physical activity (e.g., as little as 10 minutes per day on average) is beneficial. 5, exercise therapy considerations should be carried out under the guidance of professional diabetic physicians and nurses; exercise regularly and quantitatively, generally should be carried out after one hour after meals is good; monitor blood glucose, it is best to measure blood glucose before and after exercise, to help adjust the amount of exercise and ensure safety; for patients who use insulin and/or insulin promoter, blood glucose level before exercise is lower than 5.6mmol/L (100mg/ For patients using insulin and/or insulin stimulants, blood glucose levels below 5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dl) before exercise should be supplemented with a small amount of sugary food; carry a diabetes card and sugary food with you to help prevent hypoglycemia or other accidents.