Congenital cataract is a common eye disease in children. Partial or total clouding of the lens that occurs in the first year of life is called congenital cataract. Congenital cataracts are also called infantile cataracts because the factors that cause the clouding of the lens are present at birth, but the cataract has not yet appeared; the clouding of the lens occurs within the first year of life. Congenital cataracts can be familial or disseminated; they can occur in one or both eyes; and they can be associated with other ocular abnormalities. In addition, congenital cataracts can be associated with a variety of genetic or systemic diseases. However, the most common form of cataract is a single abnormality. There are many types of this disease with different etiologies. In order to make a definitive diagnosis, sometimes necessary laboratory tests are required. The treatment of congenital cataracts is different from that of ordinary adult cataracts because deprivation amblyopia can occur at an early stage.