Relevant contents of women’s pre-pregnancy: Suggested items (gynecologists check part or all of them according to different people): 1. Blood routine (blood type): early detection of anemia and other blood disorders, because if the mother is anemic, not only will there be complications such as post-partum hemorrhage and puerperal infections, but it will also spill over into the baby, causing a series of effects on the baby, such as susceptibility to infections, lowered resistance, and lagging behind in growth and development, and so on. 2.Urinary routine: It helps in the early diagnosis of kidney diseases. Ten months of pregnancy is a great test for the mother’s kidney system, the body’s metabolism increases, which will increase the burden on the kidneys. If there is kidney disease, the consequences will be very serious. 3, fecal routine: diagnosis of digestive system diseases, parasitic infections, such as Toxoplasma gondii infection, if not detected early, can cause miscarriage, fetal malformation and other serious consequences. 4.Liver Function (two half pairs): Diagnosis of various types of hepatitis and liver damage. If the mother is a patient with viral hepatitis and it is not detected in time, pregnancy can cause very serious consequences, premature labor, and even neonatal death. Hepatitis virus can also be transmitted vertically to the child. 5. Chest fluoroscopy/photography: diagnosis of tuberculosis and other lung diseases. When a woman with tuberculosis becomes pregnant, the medication used for treatment will be limited, which will affect the treatment. Moreover, active tuberculosis will often be aggravated by post-partum exertion, and there is a risk of transmission to the child. 6.Gynecological endocrine full set: diagnosis of ovarian diseases such as irregular menstruation, for example, women suffering from ovarian tumors, even if the tumor is benign, after pregnancy, the uterus often increases, which affects the observation of the tumor, and even leads to the danger of miscarriage, preterm labor and so on. 7.Leukorrhea routine: screening for trichomonas, mold and bacterial infections. If you are suffering from sexually transmitted diseases, it is better to treat them thoroughly first and then get pregnant. Otherwise, it will cause miscarriage, premature labor, premature rupture of membranes and other dangers. 8.Chromosome test: early detection of genetic diseases and infertility such as Crohn’s disease and Turner’s syndrome. 9, general physical examination: general examination and fertility assessment. Women take folic acid before and after pregnancy Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin, which is abundantly stored in green leafy vegetables, fruits and animal livers. Folic acid is involved in the whole process of human metabolism and is an essential vitamin for the synthesis of DNA, an important substance in the human body. Its deficiency can lead to fetal neural tube malformations in addition to increased malformations of the eyes, lips, palate, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular, renal and skeletal organs. Taking O,4 mg of folic acid supplements per day during the period from one month before pregnancy to the second trimester can prevent the occurrence of most of the neural tube malformations in the fetus. It is worth mentioning that women should take folic acid under the supervision of a doctor, in addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the following points: It is necessary to start taking it from the month before pregnancy. The purpose of taking folic acid before pregnancy is to maintain folic acid in the woman’s body at a fixed level, so as to ensure that the early embryo has a better state of folic acid nutrition. During the sensitive period of fetal neural tube formation in early pregnancy, sufficient folic acid is needed to meet the needs of neurological development, and it should be taken consistently during the sensitive period in the first trimester of pregnancy to achieve the best preventive effect. Folic acid supplements are taken to prevent neural tube malformations caused by folic acid deficiency in pregnant women. Folic acid deficiency is the main, but not the only, cause of neural tube malformations. Taking folic acid supplements can prevent 80% of births with neural tube malformations. Do not use “folic acid tablets” instead of “low-dose folic acid supplements”. Folic acid supplements contain only 0.4 milligrams of folic acid per tablet, and are the only preventive medicine approved by the State (trade name “Silien”). There is a kind of “folic acid tablets” on the market for the treatment of anemia, each containing 5 mg of folic acid, equivalent to 12.5 times the “Silien” tablets. Pregnant women in early pregnancy should not take such a large dose of folic acid tablets, because long-term large doses of folic acid tablets on pregnant women and the fetus will have adverse effects. Therefore, pregnant women are reminded to listen to the guidance of doctors and health care personnel, and should not take drugs indiscriminately and buy drugs indiscriminately. Women’s pre-pregnancy dietary conditioning Physical and nutritional status of the general, three months to six months before pregnancy can begin to pay attention to dietary conditioning, daily intake of sufficient high-quality proteins, vitamins, minerals, trace elements and the right amount of fat, these nutrients are the material basis for fetal growth and development, high-quality protein refers to easily digested and absorbed proteins, such as chicken, duck, fish, lean meats, shrimp, eggs, tofu, soy products, etc., vitamins to A, D, C, B mainly. Fresh vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals and trace elements, including calcium, iron, phosphorus, zinc, iodine is the most important, calcium, phosphorus on the formation and development of fetal bones and teeth, iron on the hematopoietic function, zinc, iodine on the intellectual development of the fetus and the prevention of deformities are directly related to the diet of milk, eggs, bone broth, animal liver, shrimp, aquatic products, nuts and other foods contain such substances, appropriate amount of The intake of fat can help the absorption and utilization of fat-soluble vitamins. Diet for fathers-to-be The diet of men is closely related to their own reproductive health, and as the other half of the reproduction of offspring, the diet of fathers is also crucial to the future health of their children. Even before you become a father, you should eat more green leafy vegetables, fruits and coarse grains. These foods are high in folic acid and vitamin C. If you cannot get enough vitamins and folic acid from food, you can take folic acid medicine and vitamins under the guidance of your doctor. At the same time, it is best not to dip into tobacco and alcohol, or to maximize the amount of smoking and drinking. Avoid smoking, you can drink less alcohol (moderate amount of alcohol below the impact on fertility is not big), away from radiation, away from all kinds of harmful chemicals, do not wash sauna, do not wear tight underwear for a long time (sauna or long time to wear tight underwear will make the local temperature rise, has been spermatogenesis, there is information that shows that, such as a fever of more than 39 degrees, it is possible to inhibit the spermatogenesis of more than half a year). Women’s pre-pregnancy dietary principles The pre-pregnancy nutritional supply program should also refer to the principle of balanced diet, combined with the physiological characteristics of conception dietary arrangements. First of all, to ensure the adequate supply of calories, it is best to supply the normal adult needs on the basis of 2200kcal per day, plus 400kcal, in order to supply the consumption of sexual life, and at the same time for the conception of a part of the energy savings, so as to make the “essence of strong eggs”, for the conception and the eugenics of the creation of the necessary conditions. Secondly, to ensure adequate supply of high-quality protein, men and women should be in the diet every day to take 40-60g of high-quality protein, to ensure the normal development of fertilized eggs. The third is to ensure the supply of fat. Fat is the main source of body heat energy, and its essential fatty acids are indispensable substances that make up the body’s cellular tissues, increasing the intake of high-quality fat is beneficial to pregnancy. The fourth is sufficient inorganic salts and trace elements, calcium, iron, zinc, copper, etc. to form bones, manufacture blood, improve intelligence, and maintain the balance of metabolism in the body. Lastly, supplying the right amount of vitamins can help the development and growth of sperm, eggs and fertilized eggs, but excessive vitamins, such as fat-soluble vitamins, can also be harmful to the body, so it is recommended that both men and women consume more from food and take vitamin supplements with caution. Specifically, it is recommended that both husband and wife consume 150-200g of animal meat, 1-2 eggs, 50-150g of soybean products, 500g of vegetables, 100-150g of fruits, 400-600g of staple foods, 40-50g of vegetable oils, 20-50g of hard fruits, and 500ml of milk every day. Women need to pay attention to the following precautions before pregnancy: 1. Mothers should insist on exercising and resisting the effects caused by flu The mother should keep exercising in order to resist the malformation of the fetus caused by colds, rubella and other viral attacks. Mothers should exercise moderately and avoid participating in strenuous sports competitions, because the excitement and nervousness of the athletic mental state will affect the balance of their physiological functions, and if they have to participate, they should postpone conception. 2, early pregnancy embryo needs nutrition, can be directly from the endometrium stored nutrients, so the nutritional preparation before pregnancy is very important. In order to prepare your body before pregnancy, you should rationalize your diet and eat a variety of nutrient-rich foods, such as meat, soy products, vegetables and fruits. 3, a variety of harmful substances not only affect the future mother’s physical health, but also affect the growth and development of the fetus, is an important factor in inducing fetal malformation. Pre-pregnancy exposure to harmful substances such as radiation, lead, cadmium, mercury, etc. people should pay attention to check whether the body harmful substances exceed the normal standard, such as exceeding the standard, should leave such work for a period of time, the body of all indicators of value is normal before conception. 4, drug teratogenicity is an important cause of congenital malformations. Teratogenic drugs can generally pass through the placenta directly to the fetus, and in the first trimester of pregnancy, the fetus is most susceptible to the effects of drugs. If the drugs taken before pregnancy are accumulated in the mother’s body, the development of the fetus will be affected. Therefore, the first few months of pregnancy with drugs must be cautious. 5, eugenics is not just the wife. Foreign scholars have found that men wearing tight jeans will press the testicles to the higher temperature inguinal canal, resulting in spermatogenic hypoplasia. 6, not to enter the room after drinking. Alcohol, the main component of wine, enters the body and causes chromosomal aberrations and genetic mutations in the human body. If you conceive after drinking, the development of the fetus will be greatly affected. Children conceived after drinking tend to have poor intellectual development, impaired development of fine motor skills, and a variety of deformities, such as small heels, hare lips, short legs, congenital heart disease, and so on. Therefore, women who are planning to become pregnant should not drink alcohol and should discourage their husbands from drinking alcohol as well.