Early myeloma can be detected by blood test, but it needs to be combined with the results of bone marrow biopsy and other examinations to make a comprehensive judgment. Myeloma is a kind of malignant tumor originated from bone marrow plasma cells, and the blood test can have abnormalities such as hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency (elevated blood creatinine or decreased creatinine clearance), anemia, etc. Most patients’ serological examination can see monoclonal immunoglobulin or free light chain, etc. Bone marrow biopsy is an important indicator for the diagnosis of myeloma, which can confirm clonal bone marrow plasma cells ≥10%, or evidence of extramedullary plasmacytoma.Imaging tests such as PET-CT have high diagnostic value for multiple myeloma. The common clinical symptom is persistent progressive exacerbating bone pain, which needs to be differentiated from lumbar muscle strain, nephritis and other diseases. Therefore, if there are abnormalities in blood tests, bone marrow imaging should be performed as early as possible, and bone marrow aspiration should be performed if necessary to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.