Doctor, how can this be possible? Is there any mistake? My baby was just born with pneumonia? Don’t worry, your baby has indeed been born with pneumonia. Neonatal pneumonia refers to the inflammatory lesions that occur in the lungs of a child due to infected pathogens or inhaled substances. Neonatal pneumonia can be categorized into inhalation pneumonia and infectious pneumonia according to different causes. 1, neonatal aspiration pneumonia newborns due to inhalation of amniotic fluid, meconium or breast milk caused by chemical inflammatory reaction in the lungs / secondary infection collectively referred to as neonatal aspiration pneumonia; neonatal infectious pneumonia can occur in the prenatal period (intrauterine infectious pneumonia), during labor (infectious pneumonia in the delivery process) or postnatal infectious pneumonia. (1) Amniotic fluid aspiration pneumonia refers to the inhalation of a large amount of amniotic fluid by the fetus in the womb or during delivery. Generally, amniotic fluid is not contaminated, and the clinical severity is related to the amount of amniotic fluid inhaled. (2) meconium aspiration pneumonia refers to the inhalation of a large amount of amniotic fluid mixed with meconium in the uterus or during delivery. It is the most common form of aspiration pneumonia occurring during prenatal or perinatal periods, and is most commonly seen in full-term infants or term infants. (3) Breast milk aspiration pneumonia refers to the inhalation of breast milk into the airways during swallowing, causing asphyxia and difficulty in whistling, etc. 2. Neonatal infectious pneumonia can occur in the prenatal period (intrauterine infectious pneumonia), at the time of delivery (infectious pneumonia during labor and delivery), or after the birth of infectious pneumonia. Prenatal and intrapartum infections are transmitted by amniotic fluid or blood, premature rupture of the amniotic membrane, amniotic fluid infection (amnionitis), the microorganisms responsible for the disease are similar to those of pneumonia caused by intrauterine inhalation of contaminated amniotic fluid, and bacterial infections are more common with gram-negative bacilli, in addition to group B streptococcus, Chlamydia trachomatis, ureido ureaseptic organisms, and viruses such as CMV (cytomegalovirus). Postpartum infection to direct contact with the baby who suffers from rosacea easily transmitted to the newborn; umbilical cord infection, skin infections and sepsis, the pathogen transmitted to the lungs through the bloodstream and cause pneumonia. Therefore, babies may suffer from pneumonia before birth, in the mother’s womb due to the mother’s illness, and aspiration pneumonia before or during birth due to inhalation of amniotic fluid or meconium. Neonatal pneumonia has no specific manifestations, neonatal pneumonia almost no fever, cough, cough sputum and other symptoms of pneumonia. Once there are cough and sputum, neonatal pneumonia can be diagnosed. Most of the symptoms are poor spirit, light or no crying, rapid increase in the number of times of whistling, reluctance to feed, spitting up, choking or spitting up foam, and bruising around the mouth. Neonatal pneumonia is usually characterized by shallow whistling, nodding whistling, nasal flaring, cyanosis, foaming at the mouth, poor appetite, refusal of milk, choking, depression or irritability, low response, vomiting, and abnormal body temperature. Lung signs are often not obvious in the early stage, and occasionally fine wet rales can be heard on both sides of the cristae or twisting sounds can be heard at the end of inhalation. Neonatal pneumonia must be treated as soon as possible to avoid delay or aggravation.