Anti-double-stranded DNA antibody and anti-Sm antibody are specific antibodies for SLE, and they play a very important role in the diagnosis of the disease, judgment of the severity of the disease, and evaluation of the efficacy of treatment. Anti-double-stranded DNA antibody has good specificity and sensitivity in SLE patients, with about 80% of SLE patients being positive for this antibody, and the level of the antibody can reflect the severity of the disease. Anti-Sm antibody has a better specificity in SLE patients, but the sensitivity is poor, only 20%-30% of patients are positive for this antibody, and the level of antibody is not used to determine the severity of the disease. Currently, the diagnosis of SLE requires a combination of the two, and based on the positivity and level of both, a comprehensive diagnosis of SLE is made and the severity of the disease is evaluated. However, it should be noted that the mere presence of positive antibodies without associated symptoms is not sufficient to diagnose SLE, and the diagnosis of SLE must be based on the combination of clinical manifestations and specific antibodies.