Ovulation disorders are one of the main causes of female infertility and involve two main aspects, one is due to impaired egg development and maturation and the other is due to impaired egg expulsion. Either cause can lead to ovulation dysfunction and make a woman infertile. There are various reasons for ovarian failure to ovulate normally, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hyperprolactinemia, premature ovarian failure, post-ovarian cyst debulking, and abnormal reproductive axis function, the most common being the first three. Polycystic ovary syndrome Among them, PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, polycystic ovarian changes, chronic anovulation or sporadic ovulation. follicle selection in PCOS ovaries is impaired, there are no cyclic hormonal changes, and the endometrium lacks cyclic shedding. patients with PCOS have elevated LH and normal or reduced FSH, while abnormal secretion of LH and FSH and lack of LH peak in the menstrual cycle can lead to follicular dysplasia and impaired ovulation. Prolactin is normally released in a circadian rhythm and plays an important role in the regulation of normal mammary gland development, lactation and ovarian function. Its secretion is affected by many factors, such as physical trauma, physical overload, nipple and other stressful situations such as suckling; progesterone, dexamethasone and other drugs can increase its secretion; in addition, prolactinoma, hypothyroidism and renal failure can also cause an increase in prolactin secretion. Increased prolactin levels can inhibit the normal secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, affecting normal follicle development, ovulation and embryo implantation, as well as reducing the ovarian stress capacity to gonadotropins, reducing the synthesis of estrogen and progesterone and leading to ovulation disorders. Premature ovarian failure Ovarian premature failure now refers to the onset of amenorrhea before the age of 40 with low estrogen and high gonadotropins, resulting in abnormal development of oocytes. In recent years, the incidence of premature ovarian failure has been increasing and there is a trend towards younger age groups. Psychosocial factors are closely related to premature ovarian failure and the decline of ovarian reserve function. According to epidemiological surveys, the incidence of premature ovarian failure in women before the age of 40 is 1% to 3%, while the incidence of premature ovarian failure in women within the age of 30 is 0.1%. In addition, endocrine factors also affect ovulation, such as hypothalamic immaturity, which causes disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, manifesting as menstrual disorders, such as anovulatory menstruation and amenorrhea; pituitary tumors cause ovarian dysfunction leading to infertility; endocrine metabolic diseases such as hyper- or hypothyroidism, hyper- or hypoadrenocorticism, and diabetes mellitus can also affect ovarian function.