Thyroid disorders are common among women of childbearing age and women during pregnancy in China. Both hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis affect the health of the mother and child. Women with hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis may have menstrual cycle disorders, excessive or excessive menstrual flow, amenorrhea, which can easily cause infertility. Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy can cause hyperemesis, premature birth, miscarriage, low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, small full-term babies, stillbirth, hyperthyroid crisis, and heart failure. Maternal hypothyroidism has a greater impact on reproductive health and offspring than hyperthyroidism, with significant effects on embryonic development, the development of complications during pregnancy, and offspring intelligence. For the mother, it can cause infertility or reduced fertility, in vitro fertilization failure, miscarriage, gestational hypertension and eclampsia, preterm delivery, and postpartum hemorrhage. In the offspring, it can cause neurointellectual developmental disorders, fetal malformations, perinatal stillbirths, and low birth weight babies. Studies have proven that the IQ of the offspring of patients with unsupplemented thyroid hormones is reduced, while the IQ of the offspring of patients with timely thyroid hormone supplementation is not affected. To ensure the health of the pregnant woman and her fetus, for patients with hyperthyroidism, it is advisable to choose the timing of pregnancy after 6 months of iodine release therapy with normal TRAB (thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibodies) and normal thyroid function (without medication or with a smaller dose of anti-hyperthyroid medication). Hypothyroid patients taking levothyroxine tablets with thyroid function control TSH <2.5 can become pregnant, <1.5 is optimal. Once pregnancy is detected, increase the dose as prescribed by the doctor and pay attention to monitoring thyroid function. In view of the risk of thyroid disease during pregnancy, screening of thyroid function must be done during the preparation period for pregnancy in high-risk groups. High-risk groups are those with a previous history of thyroid disease and/or thyroid surgery (or) nuclear therapy; family history of thyroid disease; women with positive autoantibodies to the thyroid gland; women with symptoms or clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism; other autoimmune diseases; infertility; history of miscarriage or premature birth; and women living in areas with known moderate to severe iodine deficiency. Our guidelines for the treatment of thyroid disease in pregnancy state that screening for thyroid disease is missed in 30% to 80% of the high-risk pregnancy population. The concept of universal screening for thyroid disease in pregnancy is now introduced, and it is recommended that women should be screened for thyroid function indicators before and during pregnancy, with the screening indicators selected as serum TSH, FT4, and TPOAb, and the timing chosen before 8 weeks of gestation, preferably before pregnancy. Clinical treatment strategies are further developed based on the levels measured by the indicators.